TPO-33 - Integrated Writing Task
Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types of stone; most are about 70 mm in diameter; and many are ornamented to some degree. Archaeologists do not agree about their purpose and meaning, but there are several theories.
One theory is that the carved stone balls were weapons used in hunting or fighting. Some of the stone balls have been found with holes in them, and many have grooves on the surface. It is possible that a cord was strung through the holes or laid in the grooves around the ball. Holding the stone balls at the end of the cord would have allowed a person to swing it around or throw it.
A second theory is that the carved stone balls were used as part of a primitive system of weights and measures. The fact that they are so nearly uniform in size – at 70 mm in diameter – suggests that the balls were interchangeable and represented some standard unit of measure. They could have been used as standard weights to measure quantities of grain or other food, or anything that needed to be measured by weight on a balance or scale for the purpose of trade.
A third theory is that the carved stone balls served a social purpose as opposed to a practical or utilitarian one. This view is supported by the fact that many stone balls have elaborate designs. The elaborate carving suggests that the stones may have marked the important social status of their owners.
The passage states that there are some theories about the meaning and purpose of carved stone balls which were found in Scotland. However the lecturer casts doubt on all theories cited by the reading.
First of all, the reading asserts that these carved stone balls were used as weapons for hunting or fighting. On the contrary the lecturer claims that if the balls were used for hunting thus they should were confronted with damages or cracks as the ancient weapons such as arrows had the traces of damages. As a result these balls could not were used as weapons.
In addition the passage explains that due to the uniform shape of balls , ancient peoples used them as weight measurement unit. But the professor refutes this theory by telling that according to different rock type , while they have equal shape and size, they have variable mass. Different rocks such as limestone or sandstone have sundry density and the mass difference originate from this fact. Consequently these balls could not were used as weight unit.
Finally the passage avers that each balls has had a social purpose. But the lecturer rejects this idea by stating that some carved balls have intricate decorations and some of them contain simple ornaments. Moreover there was not any evidence of existence of balls in the grave of important persons. Thus these ball were not the presentative of social goals.
In sum, all reasons reject the theories about the meaning of carved stone balls.
- TPO 45-integrated 3
- TPO-05 - Integrated Writing TaskAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand thr 81
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- TPO 45 Independent Writing Task 52
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 131, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...one balls which were found in Scotland. However the lecturer casts doubt on all theorie...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 126, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...for hunting or fighting. On the contrary the lecturer claims that if the balls we...
^^
Line 3, column 187, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... that if the balls were used for hunting thus they should were confronted with d...
^^
Line 3, column 221, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...unting thus they should were confronted with damages or cracks as the ancient w...
^^
Line 3, column 245, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... were confronted with damages or cracks as the ancient weapons such as arrows ha...
^^
Line 5, column 4, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[2]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: addition,
...s could not were used as weapons. In addition the passage explains that due to the un...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 72, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...s that due to the uniform shape of balls , ancient peoples used them as weight mea...
^^
Line 5, column 215, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ng that according to different rock type , while they have equal shape and size, t...
^^
Line 5, column 398, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Consequently,
...ss difference originate from this fact. Consequently these balls could not were used as weig...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
... could not were used as weight unit. Finally the passage avers that each balls has ...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 42, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...inally the passage avers that each balls has had a social purpose. But the lectu...
^^
Line 7, column 51, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e passage avers that each balls has had a social purpose. But the lecturer rejec...
^^
Line 7, column 210, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Moreover,
... some of them contain simple ornaments. Moreover there was not any evidence of existence...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 304, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...lls in the grave of important persons. Thus these ball were not the presentative of...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, finally, first, however, if, moreover, so, thus, while, in addition, such as, as a result, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1231.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 247.0 270.72406181 91% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.98380566802 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.96437052324 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.27072122913 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 131.0 145.348785872 90% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.53036437247 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 374.4 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 2.0 8.23620309051 24% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 40.9334950915 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 87.9285714286 110.228320801 80% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.6428571429 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.92857142857 7.06452816374 141% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 14.0 4.19205298013 334% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.47499700493 0.272083759551 175% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.167423135795 0.0996497079465 168% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0834699714912 0.0662205650399 126% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.253847754379 0.162205337803 156% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0437989122997 0.0443174109184 99% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.8 13.3589403974 81% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.31 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.25 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.