Airline industry representatives have recently argued that flying is safer than driving, citing two separate studies. First, U.S. statistics show that each year there are approximately 40,000 deaths in automobile accidents versus only approximately 200 in flight accidents. Second, studies indicate that pilots are four times less likely than average to have accidents on the road.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to determine whether the argument is reasonable. Be sure to explain what effects the answers to these questions would have on the validity of the argument.
The argument by the airline industry representatives states their claim that flying is safer when compared with driving, which is supported by two studies, one by the U.S. statistics and the other by an unnamed source. The prime question that should be asked is whether a claim by the employees working in the industry supporting their own industry could have any kind of bias. As their own bread and butter depends on the fucntionality of the airline industry, a positive claim like this should definitely be questioned and checked for scrutiny. If the same claim has been stated by other factors involved in the process of flying vis-a-vi the passengers who undertake regular flying or studies that only focus on the safety aspects of flying versus driving can bolster the argument.
What they provided in the argument to support it are two statics, one by the U.S. statistics and other unnamed source, which should be enquired about, inorder to check the reliabilty of the source. The first study shows that each year, they are 40,000 deaths via automobile accidents whereas 200 flight accidents occur every year. But the timeframe of the study which can be considered an important factor is not mentioned. This can play a crucial role because if the study took place, consider in a time period of when there was not a flux of airline transport, when air transport had just been introduced onto the world, the no. of accidents would been patently lesser than road accidents. Inorder to redress this issue, the timeframe and where the data has been collected from should be mentioned . Also, how had the data been collected, whether it is through the airlines or some other state controlled souce, can prove be a substantial element of the arguement as the airlines themselves would not boast of the number of accidents which can therefore lead to misinformation. The study also claims that the numbers provided are of approxiamation and why couldn’t they provide the accurate data should be questioned. Thus ,apart from the singular statistics about the number of deaths, the first study does not provide a valid and strong enough arugment to believe the claim by the airline industry representatives.
Same goes with the second argument, which indicated the pilots are four times less likely than average to have accidents on the road. But what their evaluation for an average has not been forementioned. Thus, the comparison between a known factor and an unknown factor is futile. The data also lacks knowledge of the sample size of the pilots being analyzed in the study and when and what kind of pilots were questioned. Whether the pilots worked for passenger flights for regular air transport or whether these pilots worked for the aviation department in the air force. Because if a trained pilot is compared to a regular pedestrian individual, the results will definitely be lopsided.
Adding to the bias of the claims provided is the fact that there is only one indicator of safety that has been intimated in the argument, which is safety from accidents. Safety on a transport vehicle can be contingent of other factors too such as a medical emergency on a flight which is much more risky than when travelling on a road. People with severe cardiovascular issues, people of old age or even someone having claustrophobia can find a road journey much more safer and comfortable. Thus, generalisation of the claim to be applicable to every individual has to examined on the basis of how heterogenous the sample for the studies mentioned is.
Thus, even though the argument is supported by a strong statictical backing in term of the numericals provided, it fails to provide an understanding of the methods, the sample size and purview of secondary factors that can affect the study in itself, attentuating the entirety of it.
- Airline industry representatives have recently argued that flying is safer than driving, citing two separate studies. First, U.S. statistics show that each year there are approximately 40,000 deaths in automobile accidents versus only approximately 200 i 29
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- To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. 66
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Sentence: As their own bread and butter depends on the fucntionality of the airline industry, a positive claim like this should definitely be questioned and checked for scrutiny.
Error: fucntionality Suggestion: functionality
Sentence: What they provided in the argument to support it are two statics, one by the U.S. statistics and other unnamed source, which should be enquired about, inorder to check the reliabilty of the source.
Error: inorder Suggestion: No alternate word
Error: reliabilty Suggestion: reliability
Sentence: But the timeframe of the study which can be considered an important factor is not mentioned.
Error: timeframe Suggestion: time frame
Sentence: Inorder to redress this issue, the timeframe and where the data has been collected from should be mentioned .
Error: timeframe Suggestion: time frame
Sentence: Also, how had the data been collected, whether it is through the airlines or some other state controlled souce, can prove be a substantial element of the arguement as the airlines themselves would not boast of the number of accidents which can therefore lead to misinformation.
Error: souce Suggestion: source
Error: arguement Suggestion: argument
Sentence: The study also claims that the numbers provided are of approxiamation and why couldn't they provide the accurate data should be questioned.
Error: approxiamation Suggestion: approximation
Sentence: Thus ,apart from the singular statistics about the number of deaths, the first study does not provide a valid and strong enough arugment to believe the claim by the airline industry representatives.
Error: arugment Suggestion: argument
Sentence: But what their evaluation for an average has not been forementioned.
Error: forementioned Suggestion: No alternate word
Sentence: Thus, even though the argument is supported by a strong statictical backing in term of the numericals provided, it fails to provide an understanding of the methods, the sample size and purview of secondary factors that can affect the study in itself, attentuating the entirety of it.
Error: numericals Suggestion: numerical
Error: attentuating Suggestion: attenuating
Error: statictical Suggestion: statistical
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flaws:
the arguments are not right on the point. Here goes a sample:
https://www.testbig.com/gmatgre-argument-task-essays/airline-industry-r…
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: ? out of 6
Category: Poor Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 12 2
No. of Sentences: 23 15
No. of Words: 644 350
No. of Characters: 3133 1500
No. of Different Words: 278 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 5.038 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.865 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.675 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 225 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 165 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 108 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 73 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 28 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 10.125 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.696 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.296 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.496 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.074 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rsus driving can bolster the argument. What they provided in the argument to su...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 688, Rule ID: PRP_PAST_PART[2]
Message: Did you mean 'have been' or 'be'?
Suggestion: have been; be
...o the world, the no. of accidents would been patently lesser than road accidents. In...
^^^^
Line 2, column 837, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... been collected from should be mentioned . Also, how had the data been collected, ...
^^
Line 2, column 1267, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...accurate data should be questioned. Thus ,apart from the singular statistics about...
^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...the airline industry representatives. Same goes with the second argument, whic...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 488, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...lots were questioned. Whether the pilots worked for passenger flights for regular...
^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e results will definitely be lopsided. Adding to the bias of the claims provide...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 459, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'someone' must be used with a third-person verb: 'has'.
Suggestion: has
...sues, people of old age or even someone having claustrophobia can find a road journey ...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 510, Rule ID: MOST_COMPARATIVE[2]
Message: Use only 'safer' (without 'more') when you use the comparative.
Suggestion: safer
...strophobia can find a road journey much more safer and comfortable. Thus, generalisation o...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e sample for the studies mentioned is. Thus, even though the argument is suppor...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, if, second, so, therefore, thus, whereas, apart from, as to, even so, kind of, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 37.0 19.6327345309 188% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 17.0 12.9520958084 131% => OK
Conjunction : 18.0 11.1786427146 161% => OK
Relative clauses : 22.0 13.6137724551 162% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 28.8173652695 87% => OK
Preposition: 76.0 55.5748502994 137% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 16.3942115768 98% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3199.0 2260.96107784 141% => OK
No of words: 643.0 441.139720559 146% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.97511664075 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.03561760524 4.56307096286 110% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.75881077651 2.78398813304 99% => OK
Unique words: 289.0 204.123752495 142% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.449455676516 0.468620217663 96% => OK
syllable_count: 998.1 705.55239521 141% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.76447105788 137% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 24.0 19.7664670659 121% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.8188622625 57.8364921388 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 133.291666667 119.503703932 112% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.7916666667 23.324526521 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.33333333333 5.70786347227 76% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 10.0 5.25449101796 190% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 12.0 8.20758483034 146% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.149509272551 0.218282227539 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0446752742314 0.0743258471296 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0704848092879 0.0701772020484 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0717699559024 0.128457276422 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0633870290034 0.0628817314937 101% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.4 14.3799401198 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 48.3550499002 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 12.197005988 110% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.9 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.56 8.32208582834 103% => OK
difficult_words: 148.0 98.500998004 150% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.