"The population of Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians(4), the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies(5) from 50 per day to 30 per day(6) during the summer season(7). By limiting the number of rentals, the town council is sure to attain the 50 percent reduction in moped accidents(1,4) that was achieved last year in the neighboring island of Torseau(3), when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals(2)."
The letter's author recommends that the restriction in the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's companies can decrease the accident rate including mopeds and pedestrians. The author reasons that the increasing rental mopeds may result in the presence of more accidents. To support the recommendation the author indicates that in the neighboring island, the moped accidents through this recommendation.There are several reasons why this argument for the reduction of accidents is not convincing.
First of all, even assuming that the survey data from the neighboring island of Torseau accurately reflects the positive effect of the limits on moped rentals, the argument unfairly assumes that the number of rentals affects the number of accidents at Balmer Island. Perhaps Balmer Island has certain unique design of the crossroads that require more traffic lights and zebra crossings. For that matter, perhaps fewer traffic lights to set is an advantage in Balmer Island, whereas in the neighboring island either is a disadvantage. In short, without accounting for possible differences between Balmer Island and the neighAboring island of Torseau the author cannot convince me that his recommendation for Balmer Island is sound.
Secondly,the author points out that town council should limit the number of moped rentals from 50 per day to 30 per day.But it is not clear that what percentage of mopeds in Balmer Island is rented by the six companies, the recommendation thereby is not compellent.
Thirdly,the author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. However, it is possible that some other factors that affect accidents rate might change after the restrictions are enacted. For example, if we have evidence suggesting that, after the restrictions are enacted,the roads may be reconstructed and introduce a new element that affects the rate of moped-pedestrian.Thus, the fact that happened last year is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that the restrictions in the amount of moped rentals is an effective method to reduce the accident rate.
Finally,the author indicates the fact that there was a 50% decline in Toseau's moped accident rate.Apart from the explanation of limiting the quantities of moped rentals, he may ignore other reasons to explain why the reduction happened last year.For instance,it's possible that the drivers would obey the traffic rules and keep safe distance with other moped rentals.
In conclusion, we need to have additional evidence in order to get a more complete evaluation about pvalidation of the restrictions of moped rentals.We need to know the difference between Bamer Island and Toseau and the total number of mopeds from the six companies. We also need to know whether all other factors would change after the restrictions are enacted.Finally,we need abundance of information to verify the restrictions was the only explanation for the decline in the accident rate last year.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 6 2
No. of Sentences: 14 15
No. of Words: 477 350
No. of Characters: 2433 1500
No. of Different Words: 207 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.673 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.101 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.776 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 195 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 135 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 86 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 57 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 34.071 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 15.786 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.786 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.391 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.694 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.225 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 6 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 411, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: There
...d accidents through this recommendation.There are several reasons why this argument f...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 413, Rule ID: FEWER_UNCOUNTABLE[1]
Message: Did you mean 'less traffic'?
Suggestion: less traffic
...bra crossings. For that matter, perhaps fewer traffic lights to set is an advantage in Balmer...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 9, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...for Balmer Island is sound. Secondly,the author points out that town council sho...
^^^^
Line 5, column 121, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: But
...d rentals from 50 per day to 30 per day.But it is not clear that what percentage of...
^^^
Line 7, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...on thereby is not compellent. Thirdly,the author commits the fallacy of “all thin...
^^^^
Line 7, column 275, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...that, after the restrictions are enacted,the roads may be reconstructed and introduc...
^^^^
Line 7, column 377, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Thus
...at affects the rate of moped-pedestrian.Thus, the fact that happened last year is no...
^^^^
Line 9, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
... to reduce the accident rate. Finally,the author indicates the fact that there wa...
^^^^
Line 9, column 99, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Apart
... decline in Toseaus moped accident rate.Apart from the explanation of limiting the qu...
^^^^^
Line 9, column 247, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: For
...in why the reduction happened last year.For instance,its possible that the drivers ...
^^^
Line 9, column 259, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , its
...eduction happened last year.For instance,its possible that the drivers would obey th...
^^^^
Line 11, column 150, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: We
...on of the restrictions of moped rentals.We need to know the difference between Bam...
^^
Line 11, column 363, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Finally
...ange after the restrictions are enacted.Finally,we need abundance of information to ver...
^^^^^^^
Line 11, column 370, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , we
...ter the restrictions are enacted.Finally,we need abundance of information to verify...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, thus, whereas, apart from, for example, for instance, in conclusion, in short, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 19.6327345309 92% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 11.1786427146 72% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 13.6137724551 132% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 28.8173652695 108% => OK
Preposition: 63.0 55.5748502994 113% => OK
Nominalization: 23.0 16.3942115768 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2496.0 2260.96107784 110% => OK
No of words: 464.0 441.139720559 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.37931034483 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.64119157421 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.08414735749 2.78398813304 111% => OK
Unique words: 217.0 204.123752495 106% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.467672413793 0.468620217663 100% => OK
syllable_count: 760.5 705.55239521 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 4.96107784431 141% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 19.7664670659 71% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 33.0 22.8473053892 144% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 90.5790893561 57.8364921388 157% => OK
Chars per sentence: 178.285714286 119.503703932 149% => OK
Words per sentence: 33.1428571429 23.324526521 142% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.4285714286 5.70786347227 218% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 14.0 5.25449101796 266% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.88822355289 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.407087740026 0.218282227539 186% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.154874091776 0.0743258471296 208% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.104132158448 0.0701772020484 148% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.219480729138 0.128457276422 171% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.105422340136 0.0628817314937 168% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 20.5 14.3799401198 143% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 37.98 48.3550499002 79% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 16.2 12.197005988 133% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.52 12.5979740519 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.39 8.32208582834 113% => OK
difficult_words: 121.0 98.500998004 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 15.2 11.1389221557 136% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.9071856287 126% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.