Approximately 500 years ago, the flourishing society of Easter Island suffered a steep decline in population. Many theories have surfaced explaining how this could have happened to such a thriving culture. Within this small, isolated island in the Pacific Ocean, researchers have uncovered archaeological evidence that clearly indicates one theory for the decimation of the Easter Islanders above all others: invaders.
First, the disappearance of nearly every tree on this Island points to the kind of environmental destruction that could only result from foreign incursions. Researchers discovered that this land now devoid of trees was once covered with palms. Biological evidence indicates an abundance of palm for centuries until about 500 years ago, the time when the population nearly vanished. Only invaders could have brought about that kind of destruction all at once.
Another key piece of support lies in the archeological discovery of spear tips that appeared at around the same time as the near destruction of the Islanders. These spear tips show beyond any doubt that there was conflict and warfare on the island best explained by the onslaught of invaders. In addition to these war implements, skeletons from that time have been examined and show the kind of deformation that results only from combat.
Last, the appearance of a new religion provides more support. Special dating methods used by archeologists determined that "birdman" statues surfaced at the same time as the dramatic shift in population. As history proves time and time again, when an invading force occupies a new territory, it takes with it its customs, culture, and religion. The abandonment of the old religious order for the new "birdman" religion as evidenced by these statues must be understood as the outcome of invasion
listening
In history, there are many cases of mysterious occurrences, cultures, and habitats and it is true that the great mystery of the disappearance of the Easter Islanders no longer holds a place among them. However, the notion that invaders created the decline is sadly wrong. Internal factors were responsible.
To begin, invaders did not destroy the trees. Let me explain. Various island communities inhabited Easter Island and each was renowned for the enormous stone statues it erected. They were a symbol of status and each community constructed as many as possible to demonstrate its cultural dominance over the other. Now, these statues were placed throughout the island using rollers made of tree logs. As these communities competed, more and more trees were cut down, and it was this competition that destroyed the trees on the island, not invaders.
Second, the spear tips didn’t come from invaders. The islanders created these weapons of warfare, and they didn’t create them for defense against invaders but to attack their fellow islanders. 500 years ago, their resources nearly vanished. The trees were disappearing leaving few as material for the canoes needed to go out to sea for fish. With resources virtually depleted and food diminishing, these spear tips evidence nothing more than a civil war fought for limited resources.
Third, the “birdman” statue does indicate the birth of a new religious symbol, but it was not brought by invaders. As I explained earlier, this was a very difficult time for the islanders. Seeing their resources almost exhausted, their families dying of starvation, and their people at war could only have shown them that their current religious practices were ineffective, so naturally they began to adopt new ones, the “birdman” being a symbol connected with one of them.
The author states that the decimation of the Easter Islanders happened due to invaders, and gives three reasons for support. However, the lecturer disagrees and attacks each of the claims made by the author.
First, The reading posits that the only reasonable explanation of the complete disappearance of trees is the invaders. However, the lecturer refutes this point by stating that these trees were used for building statutes. He goes on to say that different groups of islanders started to build statues to show their dominance. The competition between them has led to finishing all of the trees.
Second, the author claims that the appearance of spear tips is another proof of the invaders. Again, the lecturer explains there are some flaws in the author’s argument. In the lecture, it is stated that these spear tips were made during a civil war. As the resources decreased rapidly in the islands, a conflict started between islanders. These spear tips were made for that purpose.
Third, the reading states that the appearance of a new religion, statues of Birdman, is also a proof of invaders. However, the lecturer rebuts this idea. He explains that the starvation that happened In the islands pushed the people to try a new religion. They adopted the new symbols to try to get more food during the starvation
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-09-23 | kshinichi | 85 | view |
| 2019-09-15 | harshpatel98 | 65 | view |
| 2019-09-15 | harshpatel98 | 3 | view |
| 2019-09-15 | harshpatel98 | 3 | view |
| 2019-05-19 | ahmet vahibe | 3 | view |
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- TPO 4 integrate writing topic 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 374, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...ition between them has led to finishing all of the trees. Second, the author claims that ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, second, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1106.0 1373.03311258 81% => OK
No of words: 221.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.00452488688 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.85565412703 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61295664595 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 116.0 145.348785872 80% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.524886877828 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 333.9 419.366225166 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 23.8116684748 49.2860985944 48% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 73.7333333333 110.228320801 67% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.7333333333 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.2 7.06452816374 45% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.082536151591 0.272083759551 30% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.028744921506 0.0996497079465 29% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0404317915648 0.0662205650399 61% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0542695064343 0.162205337803 33% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0271127028872 0.0443174109184 61% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.5 13.3589403974 71% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.13 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.19 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.