bee nests 200 million years ago
The passage presents arguments made by many skeptics to cast doubt on the theory that some fossil structures dated back to 200 million years ago are actually fossilized bee nests. The lecturer contradicts points made in the passage and believes they are not convincing. Her further demonstrations are as follows.
First, while it is true that there are no fossil remains of bees dated to 200 million years ago, the speculation is that this is due to the absence of proper circumstances for preservation of the bees at that time rather than their non-existence. Fossil remains of bees have been found in trees which produce a special type of resin. Since these kind of trees were not present 200 million years ago, hence, the preservation and fossilization of the bees would not have been possible.
Second, although bees have retained a good coexistance relationship with flowering plants since they appeared, it is possible that before the emergence of these plants bees fed off non-flowering ones. However, with the appearance of flowering plants bees went through adaptations to develop the kind of relationship we know today with these plants.
Third, whereas fossilized structures attributed to bee nests lack spiral caps, chemical analysis performed on them suggests that they can likely be bee nests. Bees, today, use a specially developed waterproof substance to protect their nests. This same substance has been found in the structures regarded as 200 million years old bee nest remains.
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| 2023-09-07 | YasamanEsml | 88 | view |
| 2023-08-04 | sahel | 76 | view |
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| 2023-02-18 | reza_fattahi | 80 | view |
| 2023-02-13 | zaid | 73 | view |
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 341, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this kind' or 'these kinds'?
Suggestion: this kind; these kinds
... produce a special type of resin. Since these kind of trees were not present 200 million y...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, hence, however, second, so, third, whereas, while, kind of, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1264.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 242.0 270.72406181 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.22314049587 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94415379849 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80400447398 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 142.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.586776859504 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 373.5 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.3518933377 49.2860985944 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.909090909 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.36363636364 7.06452816374 118% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.426216530151 0.272083759551 157% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.153427339885 0.0996497079465 154% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.146180425481 0.0662205650399 221% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.241568553829 0.162205337803 149% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.106957007285 0.0443174109184 241% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.0 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.38 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 341, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this kind' or 'these kinds'?
Suggestion: this kind; these kinds
... produce a special type of resin. Since these kind of trees were not present 200 million y...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, hence, however, second, so, third, whereas, while, kind of, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1264.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 242.0 270.72406181 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.22314049587 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94415379849 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80400447398 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 142.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.586776859504 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 373.5 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.3518933377 49.2860985944 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.909090909 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.36363636364 7.06452816374 118% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.426216530151 0.272083759551 157% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.153427339885 0.0996497079465 154% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.146180425481 0.0662205650399 221% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.241568553829 0.162205337803 149% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.106957007285 0.0443174109184 241% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.0 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.38 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.