Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile’s main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel- cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. They hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world’s pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel- cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal- combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
The reading states the advantages about internal-combustion engine powered by hydrogen. Instead, the lecture opposed it since those benefits are inaccurate and unrealistic.
First, the reading claims that hydrogen is finite and can solve the problem shortage of gasoline and diesel fuel. Meanwhile neither the hydrogen is very easy to be produced nor to be stored effortless declared by the lecture. The hydrogen has to be obtained by human-made pure water and stored in a extreme cold environment which can reduce the practicality of the use of internal-combustion.
Albeit the reading believes hydrogen can eliminate the pollution issue caused by unclear resources, the lecture rebuts it by the generating process of hydrogen can only cause more pollution. Burning coal and oil are needed when producing hydrogen, and the storing conditions mentioned before also waste many energy. The hydrogen cannot solve the pollution problem.
Lastly, the reading declares the hydrogen can diminish the cost. The lecture refutes it since the manufacturing steps need the participation of rare metal and cannot be replaced by any other cheaper material. Though the hydrogen is more efficient, it is still useless.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-11-29 | negooo | 80 | view |
| 2022-10-02 | Kalyani_tekade_24 | 60 | view |
| 2022-10-02 | 1ms19ec133 | 80 | view |
| 2022-09-04 | jimHsu | 80 | view |
| 2022-08-21 | dnudlyjgtnudbphwev | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 114, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Meanwhile,
...m shortage of gasoline and diesel fuel. Meanwhile neither the hydrogen is very easy to be...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 297, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
... by human-made pure water and stored in a extreme cold environment which can redu...
^
Line 3, column 303, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun energy seems to be countable; consider using: 'many energies'.
Suggestion: many energies
... conditions mentioned before also waste many energy. The hydrogen cannot solve the pollutio...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, lastly, so, still, while, as to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 3.0 12.0772626932 25% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 6.0 22.412803532 27% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1020.0 1373.03311258 74% => OK
No of words: 186.0 270.72406181 69% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.48387096774 5.08290768461 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.69299088775 4.04702891845 91% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.07090449018 2.5805825403 119% => OK
Unique words: 114.0 145.348785872 78% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.612903225806 0.540411800872 113% => OK
syllable_count: 333.9 419.366225166 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.8 1.55342163355 116% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.2297341809 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.7272727273 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.9090909091 21.698381199 78% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.45454545455 7.06452816374 63% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.114638741359 0.272083759551 42% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0492410909401 0.0996497079465 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0512044048969 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0788891724716 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0343601460406 0.0443174109184 78% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.31 53.8541721854 71% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.21 12.2367328918 116% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.52 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.