Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
In contrast to the reading passage, which emphasizes that dinosaurs were endothermic, the lecturer focuses on providing support tho the argument that they were not endothermic. The professor disagrees with the text points, which are provided as support to the endothermic nature of dinosaurs; the polar dinosaurs, legs position and movement and Havesian canals.
The passage first point out the fact that, the existence of polar dinosaurs, because to survive in a cold environment was only possible if they were endothermic. However, the professor points out that at that era, climate of the poles was warmer and when the climate become colder these polar dinosaurs migrated in to warm regions or they hibernated as most of the modern reptiles.
The second point that the professor makes has to do with the leg position and movement. According to the text, the physiology of dinosaurs are well suited for high energy activities like running, which is a unique feature to endothermic animals. However, lecturer contradicts this by saying that they have this physical structure to support more weight and grow larger. Therefore that is nothing to do with body temperature maintenance.
Finally, in contrast to the reading passage claim that Havesian canals as a proof to endothermic nature of the creature, the professor reminds the students that dinosaurs also have growth rings which indicates periodic pattern of rapid growth period follows by slow growth period, which indicates reduction of growth rate in cold climates. Professor argues that endotherms have constant growth rate, independent of the climate and therefore, categorizing dinosaurs as endotherms is incorrect.
In conclusion, despite of the reading's effort to attribute the endothermic features to dinosaurs, the three main points made in the reading are effectively challenged by the lecturer.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-21 | liboooyang | 81 | view |
| 2020-01-04 | Tharwat | 83 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | savikx | 66 | view |
| 2019-12-18 | TEJAS PATIL | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-14 | fafar | 80 | view |
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- TOEFL T P O 32 Integrated Writing Task 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 313, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...nature of dinosaurs; the polar dinosaurs , legs position and movement and Havesian...
^^
Line 3, column 340, Rule ID: NON3PRS_VERB[2]
Message: The pronoun 'they' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: 'hibernate'
Suggestion: hibernate
...urs migrated in to warm regions or they hibernates as most of the modern reptiles. The ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 247, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
... unique feature to endothermic animals. However lecturer contradicts this by saying tha...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 370, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...to support more weight and grow larger. Therefore that is nothing to do with body tempera...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 26, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... incorrect. In conclusion, despite of the readings effort to attribute the end...
^^
Line 9, column 32, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'readings'' or 'reading's'?
Suggestion: readings'; reading's
...rect. In conclusion, despite of the readings effort to attribute the endothermic fea...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, second, so, therefore, well, as to, in conclusion, in contrast, in contrast to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1584.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 290.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.46206896552 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12666770723 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.82639728775 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.537931034483 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 489.6 419.366225166 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 68.7491547657 49.2860985944 139% => OK
Chars per sentence: 144.0 110.228320801 131% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.3636363636 21.698381199 122% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.7272727273 7.06452816374 152% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.147884109268 0.272083759551 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0596333552401 0.0996497079465 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0446549165825 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0735995697625 0.162205337803 45% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0216939964188 0.0443174109184 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.5 13.3589403974 131% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 36.63 53.8541721854 68% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 11.0289183223 132% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.68 12.2367328918 120% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.72 8.42419426049 115% => OK
difficult_words: 88.0 63.6247240618 138% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.