the insecticidal properties of DDT, a whit crystalline compound, were discovered in 1942. during world war II this pesticide was used to control the spread use of typhus and malaria. then in the postwar era it began to be used extensively as an agricultural insecticide. its success in eradicating malaria and controlling other insect-borne diseases dangerous both to humans and crops led it to be labeled a miracle pesticide.
its usage increased and peaked in the early 1960s. in that decade, however, studies began to show that this method of pest control had serious environmental consequences. perhaps most damaging for the reputation of DDT was the wide popularity of Rachel Carsson's book Silent Spring, which exposed the dangers of continued use of this pesticide on bird and animal species and ultimately on human beings. carson's influential expose of the harmful effects of DDT showed that several species of birds were experiencing population declines as a result of ingesting this chemical in their customary diet. research showed that birds of prey such as the bald eagle and peregrine falcon, which are high on the food chain, accumulated excessive amounts of the pesticide in their bodies, and this caused them to lay eggs with thin shells, which would break before hatching. research also showed that the human population was at risk from increased levels of liver and breast cancer caused by exposure to DDT. furthermore, environmentalists pointed out that the toxicity of this substance is not easily degraded and can remain in the environment and food chain for prolonged periods. due to these reasons, and also to the fact that DDT seemed to be losing its effectiveness on the insect populations it was designed to control, many countries banned the use of this product during the early 1960s.
The reading and the lecture are both about the effects of the ddt on environment. The author of the reading feels that ddt is a deleterious chemical. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. he is of the opinion that the risks discussed are not valid and rather should be reintroduced.
To begin with, the author argues that due to widespread use of ddt it has affected not only bird or animal species but also humans. The article mentions that the use of ddt as pesticide has caused decline in the population of the birds which are high in food chain. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He claims that ddt has not affected the reproduction rate of the birds rather, the population of the eagle and falcon was decreasing before advent of ddt and this decline has only stopped in 1960s when there was profound use of ddt. Additionally, he says peregrine falcon was almost hunted to extinct earlier but now flourishing.
Secondly, the author suggests ddt has highly accumulated in the birds high in food chain. In the article, it is said that the high accumulation has caused the thinning of the shell of the birds which is making them to break apart prematurely. The lecturer, however rebut this by mentioning that there is no correlation of this scenario with ddt. He elaborates on this by saying up the point that the tests were conducted on eggs whose birds have very high amount of dosage of chemical which is far from actual, thus undermining the results.
Finally, the author posits that the ban on the usage of ddt is the right decision. oreover, in the article it is stated that the chemical have made humans more vulnerable to cancer and the also the effectiveness of ddt as pesticide has also reduced, so there should be a stop in the production of ddt. In contrast, the lecturer position is that ddt must be reintroduced with efficient strategy of use. He notes that cancer in human has no link with the presence of ddt and with effective usage of the ddt we can again counter the malaria and other diseases with equal strength as before.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-13 | fofty | 73 | view |
| 2018-10-03 | LiLi_Fleur | 3 | view |
| 2018-09-21 | Heisenberg 45 | 81 | view |
| 2016-10-10 | kantanandana | 76 | view |
| 2016-10-10 | kantanandana | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 151, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...els that ddt is a deleterious chemical. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 1, column 206, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...allenges the claims made by the author. he is of the opinion that the risks discus...
^^
Line 5, column 509, Rule ID: IN_1990s[1]
Message: The article is probably missing here: 'in the 1960s'.
Suggestion: in the 1960s
...f ddt and this decline has only stopped in 1960s when there was profound use of ddt. Add...
^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 84, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Oreover
...the usage of ddt is the right decision. oreover, in the article it is stated that the c...
^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 186, Rule ID: THE_EXACTLY_THE[1]
Message: Duplicated 'the' in the phrase: 'the also the'. Did you mean 'also the'?
Suggestion: also the
...de humans more vulnerable to cancer and the also the effectiveness of ddt as pesticide has a...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, so, thus, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 10.4613686534 191% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 55.0 30.3222958057 181% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1731.0 1373.03311258 126% => OK
No of words: 369.0 270.72406181 136% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.69105691057 5.08290768461 92% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.38284983912 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59225956207 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 176.0 145.348785872 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.476964769648 0.540411800872 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 526.5 419.366225166 126% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.62790141 49.2860985944 111% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.823529412 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.7058823529 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.11764705882 7.06452816374 72% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.170596344472 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0576059233185 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0473502800276 0.0662205650399 72% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.100791118006 0.162205337803 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0557080906977 0.0443174109184 126% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.5 13.3589403974 86% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 67.08 53.8541721854 125% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 9.92 12.2367328918 81% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.23 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.