Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The professor in the lecture does not agree with the three pieces of evidence provided by the reading about the impossibility of humane presence on Venus.
The professor tries to persuade his class that all these pieces of evidence are not convincing and the human can present on Venus if they stay in a balloon 50 Km above Venous' atmosphere.
First, the professor asserts that because the high of this balloon which is 50 Km, the pressure inside it will be equal to the pressure on Earth's surface. This point directly contradicts the point from the reading which state that the pressure on Venus is at least 90 times greater than the pressure on Earth'surface so, almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed.
Second, regarding oxygen and water supply, The lecture avers that Venus's atmosphere made up mostly of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. Therefore, we can use them in chemical reactions to produce water and oxygen. Again, this point refutes the pint from the reading which claims that there are no reservoirs of water on Venus, surface and its atmosphere contains hardly any oxygen.
Third, regarding sunlight and electricity, the speaker argues that the clouds at 50 Km high are not thick like clouds over Venus,s atmosphere. As a result, sunlight can get through these clouds easily. Furthermore, The clouds above Venus's atmosphere will reflect sunlight. So, we can collect sunlight from both reflection and clouds to produce electricity as we will have enough energy for that. This point casts doubt on the point from the passage which says that very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface so there is lake of light and energy.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has created a single world. 73
- Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.The United Kingdom (Sometime referred to as Britain) has a long and rich history of human settlement. Traces of buildings, t 3
- Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.First, atmospheric 80
- Many filmmakers made movie based on books. When a movie is produced based on books, some people prefer to read books before watching films, other people choose to watch movie first. What do you think? 70
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? youth is not involved in decision making channels in our world. 81
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
The professor in the lecture does not ag...
^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ssibility of humane presence on Venus. The professor tries to persuade his clas...
^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...lloon 50 Km above Venous atmosphere. First, the professor asserts that becaus...
^^
Line 6, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ight land on Venus would be crushed. Second, regarding oxygen and water suppl...
^^
Line 6, column 357, Rule ID: ADVERB_WORD_ORDER[9]
Message: The adverb 'hardly' is usually put before the verb 'contains'.
Suggestion: hardly contains
...er on Venus, surface and its atmosphere contains hardly any oxygen. Third, regarding sunligh...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 129, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , s
...igh are not thick like clouds over Venus,s atmosphere. As a result, sunlight can g...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, furthermore, if, regarding, second, so, therefore, third, at least, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1392.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 279.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 4.98924731183 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08696624509 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44506976519 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.562724014337 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 420.3 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.0203118048 49.2860985944 95% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.0 110.228320801 105% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.25 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.16666666667 7.06452816374 101% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.129386214295 0.272083759551 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.044406622126 0.0996497079465 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0445102450665 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0763790436001 0.162205337803 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0456195143859 0.0443174109184 103% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.96 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.23 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.