Reading
In the United States, it had been common practice since the late 1960s no to suppress natural forest fires. The “let it burn” policy assumed that forest fire would burn themselves out quickly, without causing much damage. However, in the summer of 1988, forest fires in Yellowstone, the most famous national park in the country, burned for more than two months and spread over a huge area, encompassing more than 800,000 acres. Because of the large scale of the damage, many people called for replacing the “let it burn” policy with a policy of extinguishing forest fires as soon as they appeared. Three kinds of damage caused by the “let it burn” policy were emphasized by critics of the policy.
First, Yellowstone fires caused tremendous damage to the park’s trees and other vegetation. When the fires finally died out, nearly one third of Yellowstone’s land had been scorched. Trees were charred and blackened from flames and smoke. Smaller plants were entirely incinerated. What had been a national treasure now seemed like a devastated wasteland.
Second, the park wildlife was affected as well. Large animals like deer and elk were seen fleeing the fire. Many smaller species were probably unable to escape. There was also concern that the destruction of habitats and the disruption of food chains would make it impossible for the animals that survived the fire to return.
Third, the fires compromised the value of the park as a tourist attraction, which in turn had negative consequences for the local economy. With several thousand acres of the park engulfed in flames, the tourist season was cut short, and a large number of visitors decided to stay away. Of course, local businesses that depended on park visitors suffered as a result.
Listening
Actually fires are natural part of ecological cycle and their role is not just destructive but also creative. That is why the “let it burn” policy is fundamentally a good one, even if it sometimes causes fires of the 1988 Yellowstone fire. Let’s look at what happened after 1988 Yellowstone fire.
First, vegetation. As you might imagine, scorched areas were in time colonized by new plants. As a matter of fact, the plants in Yellowstone became more diverse because the fire created an opportunity for certain plants that could not grow otherwise. For example, areas where the trees have been destroyed by fire could now be taken over by smaller plants that needed open and shaded space to grow. And another example, seeds of certain plants species won’t germinate unless they’re exposed to very high levels of heat. So, those plants started appearing after the fire as well.
It’s a similar story with the animals. Not only did their population recover, but the fire also created new opportunities. For instance, the small plants that replaced trees after the fire created an ideal habitat for certain small animals like rabbits and hares. And when rabbits and hares started thriving, so did some predators that depended on them for food. So, certain food chains actually became stronger after the fire than they were before.
And last, fires like 1988 Yellowstone fire would be a problem for tourism if they happened every year. But they don’t. it was a very unusual combination of factors that year, low rainfall, unusually strong winds, accumulation of dry undergrowth that caused fire to be so massive. This combination has not occurred since and Yellowstone has not seen such a fire since 1988. Visitors came back to the park next year and each year after that.
the article states that " let it burn" policy, means not to suppress natural forest fires, has several negative effects especially on the Yellostone forest, which burned of the fire in the 1988, and illustrate three kinds of these negative damages. However, the professor explains that fire in Yellowstone was a ecosystem process and not only not be dectructive, but also be creative than the past, and refutes each the author's reasons.
first, the reading claims that fire in the YEllowstone cause serious damage to trees and vegetations, the professor opposes this point by explaining that the fire provides a higher level of opportunities for growth new and diverse palnts. the professor says both amall plants and higher level of seeds are examples of these opportunities.
second, the article posits that wildlife also was affected and animals suffered huge injures. in contrasts, the professor says that again new opportunities for animals created like vegetations. according to the professor, fire lead to intoduce ideal habitat for many and new species such as rabbits and hares. this new habitat by default leading to establish strong food chain in the forest.
third, the reading says that tourist business would be affected after this event and given rise to negative effects on local economies and local businesses. the professor cast doubt on this point by explaining that the fire was caused by usual combination of low rain fall and strong wind, considering previous positive effects fall into tourists attention again would be back and the next year after this event become popular than the past.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rules that societies today expect young people to follow and obey are too strict. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 74
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- Travelling in group with a tour guide is the best way to travel. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 78
- The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea ot 86
Grammar and spelling errors:
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...r explains that fire in Yellowstone was a ecosystem process and not only not be d...
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...futes each the authors reasons. first, the reading claims that fire in the YE...
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...ties for growth new and diverse palnts. the professor says both amall plants and hi...
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...xamples of these opportunities. second, the article posits that wildlife also ...
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...cted and animals suffered huge injures. in contrasts, the professor says that agai...
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... new species such as rabbits and hares. this new habitat by default leading to estab...
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...trong food chain in the forest. third, the reading says that tourist business...
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...n local economies and local businesses. the professor cast doubt on this point by e...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, second, so, third, in contrast, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1389.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 261.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.32183908046 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0193898071 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.60476103007 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.574712643678 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 420.3 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 72.108251955 49.2860985944 146% => OK
Chars per sentence: 138.9 110.228320801 126% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.1 21.698381199 120% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.0 7.06452816374 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 10.0 4.19205298013 239% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.141882586453 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0507691773294 0.0996497079465 51% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0824137552836 0.0662205650399 124% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0879775579838 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0905606084457 0.0443174109184 204% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.7 13.3589403974 125% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 53.8541721854 84% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.87 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.34 8.42419426049 111% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.0 10.7273730684 168% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.