The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska.
When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators.
Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
Both reading passage and lecture discuss whether sea otter declines because of environmental pollution or predators. The former explains three environmental reasons behind this reduction od sea otter, the later refutes each of these three points.
First of all, the author of the passage claims that sea otters were collapsing because of their less resistance to life threatening infections, which happened by excessive exposing of oil rigs and other industrial chemical pollution. However, the listening counters that predators were killing the sea otter. As there were no sea otter died body in the beach, so it was consistent in predators hypothesis.
Secondly, the text asserts that in the Alaskan coast other sea mammals like seals, sea lions were going down along with sea otter and suggested that environmental pollution would be the first and foremost facors for these. In contrast, the lecturer contends that human might be the responsible for declining sea animals. They might capture sea otter first, and after that they captured others small sea mammals. This way, human change their food diet and cause decline of the species.
In third, the reading article states that sea otters were declined unevenly like in some parts they were balanced while in others their population size was relatively very low and environmental fluctuation or changes the occean currents might be the reasons. On the other hand, the lecture mention that these happened because of the accessibility of the workers. For instance, the sea location where the workers could go might alter the sea otters population, the other rocky and shallow areas where the employees could not reach, the sea otters were remain in the standard size.
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| 2023-04-24 | sonyeoso | 70 | view |
| 2022-10-29 | Sumilak | 70 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 442, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...he workers could go might alter the sea otters population, the other rocky and shallow...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 552, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'remained'.
Suggestion: remained
...es could not reach, the sea otters were remain in the standard size.
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, second, secondly, so, third, while, for instance, in contrast, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1454.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 276.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 5.26811594203 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07593519647 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.56090483314 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.576086956522 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 436.5 419.366225166 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 66.0477520856 49.2860985944 134% => OK
Chars per sentence: 121.166666667 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0 21.698381199 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.5 7.06452816374 134% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.322675740688 0.272083759551 119% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.132623992636 0.0996497079465 133% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.062193721099 0.0662205650399 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.209657867596 0.162205337803 129% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0483539992727 0.0443174109184 109% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.9 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.58 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.3 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.