Summarize the points made in the lecture, be ensured to explain how they Challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.
Lambeosaurs, a group of dinosaurs with large bony crests on their heads, each with hollow passages. The passage highlights that the purpose of these crests remains uncertain, with scientists proposing various theories to explain their function. However, the professor contradicts the passage by expressing skepticism about the theories proposed in the passage regarding the functions of the crests. Firstly, The passage suggests that the crests in lambeosaurs were primarily for enhancing their sense of smell, based on the presence of blood vessels in the crests. However, the professor contradicts this theory by pointing out that the underdeveloped brain area adjacent to the crests, as evidenced by fossils, does not align with the idea of an improved sense of smell. The professor suggests that the crests were not related to improving their sense of smell, as animals with a strong sense of smell typically have well-developed brain areas for processing olfactory information. Secondly, The professor contradicts the passage's theory that the crests in lambeosaurs served to prevent overheating by enhancing cooling mechanisms. While the passage draws a parallel between the crests oflambeosaurs and the bony plates of stegosaurs as adaptations for cooling, the professor disputes this idea. The professor asserts that there are significant differences between the two groups. Stegosaurs had numerous bony plates covering a substantial portion of their backs. In contrast, lambeosaurs had only one crest, and the additional surface area it provided was so minimal that it would not have offered a genuine advantage in terms of cooling. The passage suggests that lambeosaurs may have used their crests for sound communication. However, the professor contradicts this theory by stressing that all lambeosaur species had crests, implying they should all possess good hearing if sound communication were accurate. The professor highlights the absence of evidence for good hearing in most lambeosaur species, except for one, suggesting that skepticism should be maintained regarding the theory of crests for sound communication unless further evidence emerges.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, however, if, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, well, while, as for, except for, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1838.0 1373.03311258 134% => OK
No of words: 324.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.67283950617 5.08290768461 112% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24264068712 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.95925050345 2.5805825403 115% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.506172839506 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 537.3 419.366225166 128% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.4925830643 49.2860985944 98% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.285714286 110.228320801 119% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.1428571429 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.92857142857 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 1.0 4.09492273731 24% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0966229343888 0.272083759551 36% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0408951672706 0.0996497079465 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0387348823469 0.0662205650399 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0966229343888 0.162205337803 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.8 13.3589403974 126% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 39.67 53.8541721854 74% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.9 12.2367328918 130% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.36 8.42419426049 111% => OK
difficult_words: 94.0 63.6247240618 148% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, however, if, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, well, while, as for, except for, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1838.0 1373.03311258 134% => OK
No of words: 324.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.67283950617 5.08290768461 112% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24264068712 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.95925050345 2.5805825403 115% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.506172839506 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 537.3 419.366225166 128% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.4925830643 49.2860985944 98% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.285714286 110.228320801 119% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.1428571429 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.92857142857 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 1.0 4.09492273731 24% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0966229343888 0.272083759551 36% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0408951672706 0.0996497079465 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0387348823469 0.0662205650399 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0966229343888 0.162205337803 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.8 13.3589403974 126% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 39.67 53.8541721854 74% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.9 12.2367328918 130% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.36 8.42419426049 111% => OK
difficult_words: 94.0 63.6247240618 148% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.