TPO-04 - Integrated Writing Task
Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The reading and the lecture is about dinosaur. The author of reading states that dinosaurs are endotherms and provide some evidenaces to support this idea. The lecturer, on the contrary, refutes all of the evidences and stats that dinosaurs are not endotherms.
First, the reading states that finding the dinosaur fossils in polar regions is one reson that these animals are endotherm. The professor, in contrast, points out that the climate of polar region in the past was warmer than today and in the cold season the dinosaur migrated or hibernated in this area. Finiding these fossils would not prove that dinosaurs are cool-blooded animal.
Secondly, the passage says that the position and movement of the legs of dinosaurs are similar to the legs of modern endotherms animals; therefore, dinosaurs are endotherms. The lecturer, on the other hand, averts thats having this feature is not neccessarily and feature of endotherm animals. Moreover, he says that position of legs is just for the supporting of the weight and help them grow to very large.
Last but not the least, the reading asserts that the bones of endotherm usualy include structure called harverisan canal. Furthermore, dinasurs have this feature. The professor, on the other hand, says that this is true that dinasurs have this feature but also the have growth canal that indicate the time they did not growth
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2020-01-21 | liboooyang | 81 | view |
| 2020-01-04 | Tharwat | 83 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | savikx | 66 | view |
| 2019-12-18 | TEJAS PATIL | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-14 | fafar | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 157, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...e some evidenaces to support this idea. The lecturer, on the contrary, refutes all ...
^^^
Line 1, column 196, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
... The lecturer, on the contrary, refutes all of the evidences and stats that dinosaurs are ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 215, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...The lecturer, on the other hand, averts thats having this feature is not neccessarily...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, moreover, second, secondly, so, therefore, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1163.0 1373.03311258 85% => OK
No of words: 227.0 270.72406181 84% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.12334801762 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.88156143495 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53336523477 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 117.0 145.348785872 80% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.515418502203 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 360.0 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.3946406466 49.2860985944 86% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.9166666667 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.9166666667 21.698381199 87% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.0833333333 7.06452816374 143% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.338602444773 0.272083759551 124% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.123455205755 0.0996497079465 124% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0752103084692 0.0662205650399 114% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.194467111068 0.162205337803 120% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0459826500412 0.0443174109184 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.7 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.