TPO-04 - Integrated Writing Task
Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
In the article, the author presents about characteristics about endotherms and give some evidence how dinosaurs were endotherms are how endotherm characteristics had been seen in dinosaurs.
First of all, the author said endotherms maintain their body temperature uniformly throughout different environmental condition. The author first told that dinosaurs are not endotherms because modern reptiles and not endotherms and then he represents different evidence that how dinosaurs believed to be endotherms.
In the first evidence the author represents a fossil had found in polar area and he believed only mammals maintain uniform temperature in cold climates but the orator argues that the fossil found in polar areas were warm enough and warmer than today, so the dinosaurs may be in hibernating in cold days or maybe immigrated from warmers areas.
In the second evidence, the author represents the position of the legs of dinosaurs. The leg positions of dinosaurs are same like mammals, underneath the body, not the side of the body, not similar to reptiles. But the orator opposes the idea by saying, the legs of dinosaurs may have been developed to carry more weight and to carry large sizes, not essentially for running like high energy endotherms.
The third evidence the author presents about bone structure. In the dinosaurs' bone, Haversian canals had been found which helps rapid growth of the body, just like endotherms. The orator opposes this evidence by representing the growth rings which are inconsistent in different environmental condition. The growth rings prove that dinosaurs were growing slowly in cold condition, not like endotherms, who grew consistent in any environmental condition.
The orator finished the argument by saying endotherms can grow rapidly even when the environment is cool but the growth of dinosaurs is inconsistent in some condition.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-21 | liboooyang | 81 | view |
| 2020-01-04 | Tharwat | 83 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | savikx | 66 | view |
| 2019-12-18 | TEJAS PATIL | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-14 | fafar | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 6, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...istent in any environmental condition. The orator finished the argument by saying ...
^^^
Line 6, column 168, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...aurs is inconsistent in some condition.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, if, may, second, so, then, third, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 8.0 22.412803532 36% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 5.01324503311 279% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1593.0 1373.03311258 116% => OK
No of words: 293.0 270.72406181 108% => OK
Chars per words: 5.43686006826 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13729897018 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.93854871503 2.5805825403 114% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 145.348785872 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.481228668942 0.540411800872 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 495.9 419.366225166 118% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 68.8305084166 49.2860985944 140% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.75 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.4166666667 21.698381199 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.83333333333 7.06452816374 68% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 4.09492273731 147% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.390313601522 0.272083759551 143% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.14747171969 0.0996497079465 148% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0686159438666 0.0662205650399 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.197786343138 0.162205337803 122% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0407071559789 0.0443174109184 92% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.4 13.3589403974 123% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.66 53.8541721854 72% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 11.0289183223 125% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.57 12.2367328918 119% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.01 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.