TPO 31- Integrated essay
A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanoc ash, interestingly included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeleton bones.Some paleontologists interpret the lines as eveidence of feathers that Sinosauropteryx had. The reading states that there are ciritcs, however, that opposed this claim, citing three reasons of support. By contrast,the professor in the lecture explains that the evidence found along the fossil are quite strong and the reasons those critics cite are all unconvincing. So, he refutes each of the author's reasons.
First, the reading claims that the lines may not even represent functional structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that were formed after the creature's death. However, the professor opposes this point by saying that according to the site where the fossil was found, all the other fossils were quite well-preserved and scientists did not see any decomposition there. That is why it is unlikely that the lines along the fossil are related to the fibers associated with the dinosaur skin.
Second, the article posits that considering that even if the fine lines are remains of real structures of a Sinosauropteryx, the scientists cannot tell what part of the dinosaur's anatomy the structures were certainly. On the contrary, the professor says that based on a chemical substance in featheres, these lines could not have been frills. That is to say, frills do not have this chemical substance.
Thrid, the reading states that usual functions of feathers are to help animals either fly or regulate their internal temprature. But according to the fossil found, the lines were mostly located along the backbone and the tail of the animal. The professor, in contrast, opposes this point, saying that like peacocks that have colorful feathers in their tail so as to attract their mate, the dinosaur also had feathers along the tail and backbone. Since the structures were colorful, we can coclude that the lines were the remains of colorful feathers.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2018-04-29 | NGN | 80 | view |
| 2017-12-09 | abbas68shafiee | 80 | view |
| 2017-08-07 | mahabub | 73 | view |
| 2016-12-06 | soniasa | 80 | view |
| 2016-07-14 | mehran_pes2007 | 86 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 162, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Some
...ne lines surrounding the skeleton bones.Some paleontologists interpret the lines as ...
^^^^
Line 2, column 376, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...ng three reasons of support. By contrast,the professor in the lecture explains that ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 158, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'creatures'' or 'creature's'?
Suggestion: creatures'; creature's
...r structures that were formed after the creatures death. However, the professor opposes t...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 170, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'dinosaurs'' or 'dinosaur's'?
Suggestion: dinosaurs'; dinosaur's
...scientists cannot tell what part of the dinosaurs anatomy the structures were certainly. ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 6, column 358, Rule ID: SO_AS_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'to'
Suggestion: to
...at have colorful feathers in their tail so as to attract their mate, the dinosaur also h...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, second, so, well, as to, in contrast, on the contrary, that is to say
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1713.0 1373.03311258 125% => OK
No of words: 324.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.28703703704 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24264068712 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.85759636019 2.5805825403 111% => OK
Unique words: 171.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.527777777778 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 524.7 419.366225166 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 58.7357016904 49.2860985944 119% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.357142857 110.228320801 111% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.1428571429 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.5 7.06452816374 106% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.599289883561 0.272083759551 220% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.184289091396 0.0996497079465 185% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.124742142641 0.0662205650399 188% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.35121831255 0.162205337803 217% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0357817109979 0.0443174109184 81% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.1 13.3589403974 113% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.7 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.87 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 84.0 63.6247240618 132% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.