TPO 45: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.
Did bees (a type of insect) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with several arguments.
No Fossils of Actual Bees
First, no fossil remains of actual bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. The earliest preserved body of a bee is 100 million years old—only half as old as the fossilized structures discovered in Arizona.
Absence of Flowering Plants
A second reason to doubt that bees existed 200 million years ago is the absence of flowering plants in that period. Today's bees feed almost exclusively on the flowers of flowering plants; in fact, bees and flowering plants have evolved a close, mutually dependent biological relationship. Flowering plants, however, first appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. Given the bees’ close association with flowering plants, it is unlikely bees could have existed before that time.
Structures Lack Some Details
Third, while the fossilized structures found in Arizona are somewhat similar to nest chambers made by modern bees, they lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests. For example, chambers of modern bee nests are closed by caps that have a spiral pattern, but the fossilized chambers lack such caps. That suggests the fossilized structures were made by other insects, such as wood-boring beetles.
The article states that many skeptics doubt that structures found inside 200-million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona were created by bees and provide three reasons. However, the professor explains that there in no doubt and refutes each of the author's reasons.
First, the reading claims no fossil remains of actual bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. The professor refutes this point by saying that fossilized trees can not be only document to reject being of bees on that time.
Second, the reading claims that the absence of flowering plants in that period is a record . However, the professor says on that time maybe bees feed by non flowering plants.
Third, the reading says that the structures found in Arizona are somehow similar to nest chambers made by modern bees and lack some of the finer details of bees. The professor opposes this point by explaining that perhaps those chambers have absorbed water and have deformed.
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- TPO 47 60
- TPO 45: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage. 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 9, column 91, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...wering plants in that period is a record . However, the professor says on that tim...
^^
Line 13, column 128, Rule ID: SOME_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'some'.
Suggestion: some
...t chambers made by modern bees and lack some of the finer details of bees. The professor op...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, may, second, so, third, no doubt
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 22.0 30.3222958057 73% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 828.0 1373.03311258 60% => OK
No of words: 163.0 270.72406181 60% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.07975460123 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.57311423478 4.04702891845 88% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50778087198 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 95.0 145.348785872 65% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.58282208589 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 239.4 419.366225166 57% => syllable counts are too short.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.7366384957 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 103.5 110.228320801 94% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.375 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 7.06452816374 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0625929438433 0.272083759551 23% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0290803165878 0.0996497079465 29% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0243587697913 0.0662205650399 37% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0390068821456 0.162205337803 24% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0225717939341 0.0443174109184 51% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.7 13.3589403974 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.92 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 34.0 63.6247240618 53% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.