In the lecture, the professor makes a series of points that cast doubt on all the arguments presented in the passage about the navigation of humpback whale by looking at stars. He states that navigation by stars are fascinating theory but all the evidences provided in the reading passage are not convincing.
First of all, the lecturer refutes the relationship between intelligence and navigation by stars. However, the author states humpback whales are highly intelligent ,thus, they are able to navigate by stars. But, the lecturer states birds and ducks are not highly intelligent animals but they use stars for navigation and they orientation. In fact, there is not real connection between being intelligent and be able to navigate by stars. It is just an instinct an animal to born with and do not have connected to the animal intelligence.
Also, the professor states there are other reasons for moving in straight direction for animals. Humpback whales have biomagnetic part in their brain that react to the earth magnetic field and this sensitivity to magnetic field could be their external object to stay in straight lines not looking at star.This contradict to the article's idea.
Lastly, the lecturer refutes the spy-popping as a reason for looking at star and navigation. He says that other animals like sharks use spy-popping for hunting their prey and they do not migrate. In addition, humpback whales do spy-popping during the day without any presence of stars. Therefore, spy-popping is not a reason for navigation and is just pure. speculation
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- TOEFL integrated writing: Altruism 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 163, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...s humpback whales are highly intelligent ,thus, they are able to navigate by stars...
^^
Line 3, column 305, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: This
...y in straight lines not looking at star.This contradict to the articles idea. Lastl...
^^^^
Line 3, column 328, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'articles'' or 'article's'?
Suggestion: articles'; article's
... looking at star.This contradict to the articles idea. Lastly, the lecturer refutes the...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 358, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Speculation
...reason for navigation and is just pure. speculation
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, lastly, look, so, therefore, thus, in addition, in fact, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 4.0 12.0772626932 33% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1310.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 255.0 270.72406181 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.13725490196 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.99608801488 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.79754932024 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 127.0 145.348785872 87% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.498039215686 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 404.1 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.4106709284 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 100.769230769 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.6153846154 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.38461538462 7.06452816374 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.399223393154 0.272083759551 147% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.142649778608 0.0996497079465 143% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0626967095465 0.0662205650399 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.230493804506 0.162205337803 142% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0443719826919 0.0443174109184 100% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.6 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.53 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.92 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.