Underwater, whales produce loud noises: known as songs. Scientists use whale songs to study the movements for migrations, of groups of whales. Recently, scientists discovered something unusual: a single, solitary whale whose song is unlike that of all other known whales. The most notable difference between this unusual whale's song and those of other whales is its high pitch or frequency This unique whale is called the 52-hertz whale because it sings at the unusual frequency of 52 hertz, a much higher pitch than normal. When the 52-hertz whale was first detected, the cause of its uniquely high-pitched song was unknown; however, scientists now have several theories to explain it.
One theory holds that the 52-hertz whale may be a hybrid: the offspring of two different whale species Whales of different species are known to interbreed and produce hybrid offspring that combine characteristics from each of their parents' species. As a hybrid, the whale may have a unique song, different from that of either of its parents because it resulted from a combi nation of the two
A second theory is that the 52-hertz whale may have a damaged sense of hearing Just as people learn to speak by copying the sounds they hear, whales may learn to sing by listening to the sounds of other whales* songs. When people are born deaf, their speech may sound different from that of people born hearing. Similarly, the 52-hertz whale’s songs may sound different simply because it cannot hear the songs of other whales.
A third theory holds that the 52-hertz whale may be the only known member of a rare species Perhaps there were once many more whales of this species, but most are now gone. It seems to be entirely unique only because most of its species has died out.
In the passage, the author concentrates on several theories to explain the unusual sound of a single whale that scientists found it recently. However, the lecturer cast doubt on the presented theories and mentioned that answer of this question is a mystery, respectively, he points out the problems with all author's assertions.
First of all, according to the passage, this single whale maybe is a hybrid version of the offspring of two separate whale species. It states that maybe this whale got the characteristics of its parents with merged characteristics. The lecturer, however, points out the fact that all hybrid whales migrate along other whales. In fact, they are not alone and their migration pattern is like their normal parents' whales. Indeed, being hybrid does not give any explanation for being alone.
Moreover, The passage states that the hearing sense of 52-hertz whale has a problem that prevents to hear songs of other whales in order to mimic their songs. Therefore it has this peculiar song. Conversely, with reference to the account of the lecturer, sound comes from the throat and this unusual sound does not relate to the hearing system and it is a big pitch.
The last point discussed in the passage has to do with being the only whale with this characteristic. The passage indicates that the 52-hertz is the only remained of special species with this feature. The lecture brings up the fact that scientists monitored whales for a long time and if other whales existed before, definitely they recognized them. He mentions that this is the only whale that appeared in the ocean.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 160, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...r whales in order to mimic their songs. Therefore it has this peculiar song. Conversely, ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 202, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...d of special species with this feature. The lecture brings up the fact that scienti...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, first, however, if, may, moreover, so, therefore, as to, in fact, first of all, with reference to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1346.0 1373.03311258 98% => OK
No of words: 268.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0223880597 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04607285448 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.63427550579 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 136.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.507462686567 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 403.2 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.710616277 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.1428571429 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1428571429 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.78571428571 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.343184139265 0.272083759551 126% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.116713191933 0.0996497079465 117% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.131649471359 0.0662205650399 199% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.240030911908 0.162205337803 148% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.211301835573 0.0443174109184 477% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.84 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.35 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 160, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...r whales in order to mimic their songs. Therefore it has this peculiar song. Conversely, ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 202, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...d of special species with this feature. The lecture brings up the fact that scienti...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, first, however, if, may, moreover, so, therefore, as to, in fact, first of all, with reference to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1346.0 1373.03311258 98% => OK
No of words: 268.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0223880597 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04607285448 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.63427550579 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 136.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.507462686567 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 403.2 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.710616277 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.1428571429 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1428571429 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.78571428571 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.343184139265 0.272083759551 126% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.116713191933 0.0996497079465 117% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.131649471359 0.0662205650399 199% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.240030911908 0.162205337803 148% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.211301835573 0.0443174109184 477% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.84 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.35 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.