Underwater, whales produce loud noises: known as songs. Scientists use whale songs to study the movements for migrations, of groups of whales. Recently, scientists discovered something unusual: a single, solitary whale whose song is unlike that of all other known whales. The most notable difference between this unusual whale's song and those of other whales is its high pitch or frequency This unique whale is called the 52-hertz whale because it sings at the unusual frequency of 52 hertz, a much higher pitch than normal. When the 52-hertz whale was first detected, the cause of its uniquely high-pitched song was unknown; however, scientists now have several theories to explain it.
One theory holds that the 52-hertz whale may be a hybrid: the offspring of two different whale species Whales of different species are known to interbreed and produce hybrid offspring that combine characteristics from each of their parents' species. As a hybrid, the whale may have a unique song, different from that of either of its parents because it resulted from a combi nation of the two
A second theory is that the 52-hertz whale may have a damaged sense of hearing Just as people learn to speak by copying the sounds they hear, whales may learn to sing by listening to the sounds of other whales* songs. When people are born deaf, their speech may sound different from that of people born hearing. Similarly, the 52-hertz whale’s songs may sound different simply because it cannot hear the songs of other whales.
A third theory holds that the 52-hertz whale may be the only known member of a rare species Perhaps there were once many more whales of this species, but most are now gone. It seems to be entirely unique only because most of its species has died out.
Whales use noises as a means of communication. These loud noises are called songs. Scientists have discovered one whale that differs from other whales, making noises at a higher frequency. This whale is called the 52-hertz whale. In the passage, three theories have been discussed for this phenomenon. The lecturer discusses the flaws of the theories refuting them, pointing out that the reason for the higher frequency remains a mystery to this day.
First, the article points toward the heritage of the whale, saying that this particular whale is a hybrid of two different species of whales. The lecturer opposes this theory by pointing out that hybrid whales migrate alongside other whales, but the 52-hertz whale migrates alone.
Second, the passage says that the 52-hertz whale might possess damaged hearing or may be deaf. The lecturer argues against this theory, pointing out that the high pitch generated when making a sound is due to the structure of the throat being different and unusual from other whales. This feature is completely unrelated to hearing.
Third, the article points out that the whale may be of rare species, which is why no other whales are making the same song. The lecturer gives a reason against this notion, saying that even if the whale is of rare species, it must have had parents, and the parents from this rare species were living in recent times, their song must have been heard, but scientists ever heard no songs of such frequency even in the past.
- Because of climate change more and more land that was once used to grow crops or provide food for animals is turning to dry unusable desert land There are many proposals about how to stop this process known as desertification A number of proposals involve 3
- The cave paintings of Lascaux in southwestern France date to around 15 000 B C E and are among the finest examples of prehistoric art known Ever since the paintings were discovered scholars have puzzled over their purpose According to one widely discussed 80
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Providing Internet access is just as important as other services such as building roads so governments should offer Internet access to all of their citizens at no cost Use specific reasons and examples 76
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they already know how to do well Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Providing Internet access is just as important as other services such as building roads so governments should offer Internet access to all of their citizens at no cost Use specific reasons and examples 80
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, if, may, second, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1241.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 251.0 270.72406181 93% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.94422310757 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.98032404683 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.3091765443 2.5805825403 89% => OK
Unique words: 132.0 145.348785872 91% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.525896414343 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 369.0 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 70.2538086735 49.2860985944 143% => OK
Chars per sentence: 95.4615384615 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3076923077 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.92307692308 7.06452816374 41% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.305761897093 0.272083759551 112% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.129030067038 0.0996497079465 129% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0909190245619 0.0662205650399 137% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.193428426225 0.162205337803 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0720290082371 0.0443174109184 163% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.5 13.3589403974 86% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.37 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.16 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.