Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur’s diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
Based on the given materials, the reading as well as the lecturer discusses migration of an ancient animal called edmontosaur. The author states that these animals were capable of migration but the lecturer provide several reasons to argue this claim.
Initially, the writer mentions that since edmontosaur's diet was made of vegitation, during the winter they could not have found enough food to survive and as a result they had to migrate. However, the speaker suggests otherwise because the summer condition were so good that there were plenty of food around. The summers of that area were warm and the sun shone 24 hours per day providing a perfect condition for plants to grow and consequently during winters dead plants were abundant providing plentiful nutrients for the animal.
Second, the author conclude that since the fossils of the animal were found in a concentrated place, they had been living in herds. Based on todays animal that are livining in a herd and they migrate, the reading suggests that edmontosaurs migrated too. Yet again, the lecturer underscours that there are some animals that live among a herd but they do not migrate since living in a herd have other benefits too such as having more protection.
The last contention between the reading and listening passages is the animal's physical abbilities. The author of the reading suggest that edmontosaurs were capable of making long distance journeis. On the other hand, the speaker points out juveniles and their disability too walk as long as a grown one. She explains that the younger could have slowed the herd so much that it was impossible to make the journey. She also states that the younger animals could not have been left behind because they were dipendaning on the grown mammels so consequently the adult animals should have stayed to keep them alive.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-02 | Bonjourkmm | 76 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | Seema Modak | 78 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | Seema Modak | 3 | view |
| 2019-09-28 | p0uya | 3 | view |
| 2019-09-28 | mahan vahab kashi | 3 | view |
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- TPO 25-Independent TOEFL Writing 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 13, column 272, Rule ID: TOO_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'to walk'?
Suggestion: to walk
...ints out juveniles and their disability too walk as long as a grown one. She explains th...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, however, if, second, so, well, such as, as a result, as well as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1549.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 307.0 270.72406181 113% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04560260586 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18585898806 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50468478498 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.527687296417 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 475.2 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.7044478037 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.153846154 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.6153846154 21.698381199 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.23076923077 7.06452816374 117% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0855186043643 0.272083759551 31% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0328486723241 0.0996497079465 33% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0213838427504 0.0662205650399 32% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0519515407473 0.162205337803 32% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0157087198951 0.0443174109184 35% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.31 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.17 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.