The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In letter to editor of a national aeronautics magazine it is recommended that all resources should be invested in unmanned space flight as these unmanned space flights and satellites are able to gather great deal of useful information and these unmanned space flights negate the costs and risks associated with manned space flights. Before this recommendation can be accepted it is important to address three questions
First of all, it must be confirmed whether the information gathered by unmanned flight and satellites is same or equally good as compared to information captured by manned mission. what if in the manned mission the astronauts are conducting a physical soil or surface test and the unmanned flights are only capturing images of the surface. In this case the two missions are completely different and outcome and success of the mission are different. One cannot replace the other. In case this scenario holds good then the argument does not hold good and spending all resources on unmanned space flight will provide desired results.
Secondly, the opinion is based on the assumption that recent success of unmanned flights will translate in future and same success would continue in future. what if in future the properties of space change and require a human application to gather information. In such a scenario the unmanned flights will not be useful to capture information and the argument will not hold water.
Furthermore, this is assumed that unmanned flight costs and risks will continue to be low compared to manned flights. what if in future the cost of technology used to navigate the unmanned flight increases or what if in future it is found that the unmanned flights tend to loose contact and are unable to communicate after travelling a certain distance and are lost in space. if any of the above scenario is proven to be true then the argument will not hold good.
In conclusion, the argument as it stands is flawed and is unconvincing. The argument is based on several unwarranted assumptions. More information is required in order to completely evaluate the argument and clarify the assumptions. Answers to above questions will also help in confirming the validity and applicability of the recommendation.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-11-14 | Devendra Prasad Chalise | 55 | view |
| 2019-11-03 | Raunaq | 69 | view |
| 2019-10-12 | Adebayo | 69 | view |
| 2019-10-01 | shreyas | 55 | view |
| 2019-09-19 | christine_cui | 55 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 13 15
No. of Words: 367 350
No. of Characters: 1851 1500
No. of Different Words: 157 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.377 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.044 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.793 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 145 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 114 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 81 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 42 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 28.231 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 22.378 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.462 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.339 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.608 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.073 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 334, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Before” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...s associated with manned space flights. Before this recommendation can be accepted it ...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 182, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: What
...information captured by manned mission. what if in the manned mission the astronauts...
^^^^
Line 9, column 147, Rule ID: IN_PAST[1]
Message: Did you mean: 'in the future'?
Suggestion: in the future
... future and same success would continue in future. what if in future the properties of sp...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 158, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: What
... same success would continue in future. what if in future the properties of space ch...
^^^^
Line 13, column 119, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: What
...e to be low compared to manned flights. what if in future the cost of technology use...
^^^^
Line 13, column 274, Rule ID: LOOSE_LOSE[3]
Message: Did you mean 'lose' (= miss, waste, suffer the loss etc.)?
Suggestion: lose
...found that the unmanned flights tend to loose contact and are unable to communicate a...
^^^^^
Line 13, column 377, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...certain distance and are lost in space. if any of the above scenario is proven to ...
^^
Line 13, column 377, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “if” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...certain distance and are lost in space. if any of the above scenario is proven to ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, furthermore, if, second, secondly, so, then, in conclusion, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 19.6327345309 122% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 12.9520958084 93% => OK
Conjunction : 20.0 11.1786427146 179% => OK
Relative clauses : 4.0 13.6137724551 29% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 15.0 28.8173652695 52% => OK
Preposition: 49.0 55.5748502994 88% => OK
Nominalization: 17.0 16.3942115768 104% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1898.0 2260.96107784 84% => OK
No of words: 367.0 441.139720559 83% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17166212534 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.37689890912 4.56307096286 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.85931179428 2.78398813304 103% => OK
Unique words: 165.0 204.123752495 81% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.449591280654 0.468620217663 96% => OK
syllable_count: 602.1 705.55239521 85% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.76447105788 34% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 19.7664670659 81% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 79.432533283 57.8364921388 137% => OK
Chars per sentence: 118.625 119.503703932 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.9375 23.324526521 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.3125 5.70786347227 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.268696632846 0.218282227539 123% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0758575231768 0.0743258471296 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0954366582245 0.0701772020484 136% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.155882279505 0.128457276422 121% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.105206935327 0.0628817314937 167% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 14.3799401198 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.3550499002 102% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.0 12.5979740519 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.3 8.32208582834 100% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 98.500998004 84% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 20.0 12.3882235529 161% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.