As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.
One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.
A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.
A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.
The reading and the lecture are both about the settlements of Chaco canyon which located in New Mexico.The author of the reading states that archaeologists have been trying to determine how the building were used.The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author.He is of the opinion that Chaco canyon doesn't have any facts,but there are three theories.
To begin with,the author argues that great houses were purely residential.the article mentions that if there will live hundred of people,fire places was only for ten families and no more.this specific argument is challenged by the lecturer.He claims that settlements were built for native american livers.Additionally,he supported opinion of the author.
Secondly, the writer suggests that were used to store food supplies.In the article,it is said that some crops which could be stored for a long period of time and it is served as long-lasting food.The lecturer,however, rebut this argument by mentioning that great houses did not supported from government. He elaborates on this bringing up the point that settlements looks like mass containers.
Finally,the author posits that houses were used as ceremonial centers.Moreover,in the article it is stated that archaeologists found enormous mound which called pueblo Alto.In contrast,the lecturers position is that pueblo Alto was not good evidence.He notes that such ceremonies was saved in native american cultures.
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| 2020-01-14 | Kalima | 76 | view |
| 2019-12-12 | sandeshbhandari2 | 76 | view |
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| 2019-11-29 | Apolytos | 70 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
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...haco canyon which located in New Mexico.The author of the reading states that archa...
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...to determine how the building were used.The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
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...to determine how the building were used.The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
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...hallenges the claims made by the author.He is of the opinion that Chaco canyon doe...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, look, moreover, second, secondly, so, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1217.0 1373.03311258 89% => OK
No of words: 217.0 270.72406181 80% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.60829493088 5.08290768461 110% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.8380880478 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.2621846077 2.5805825403 126% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.635944700461 0.540411800872 118% => OK
syllable_count: 371.7 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 5.0 13.0662251656 38% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 43.0 21.2450331126 202% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 99.8090176287 49.2860985944 203% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 243.4 110.228320801 221% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 43.4 21.698381199 200% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 18.2 7.06452816374 258% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 25.0 4.19205298013 596% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.133764717447 0.272083759551 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0691899573516 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0472131359656 0.0662205650399 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0814559825612 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0460111326184 0.0443174109184 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 26.7 13.3589403974 200% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 19.37 53.8541721854 36% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 21.2 11.0289183223 192% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 16.15 12.2367328918 132% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.72 8.42419426049 127% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 63.6247240618 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 26.5 10.7273730684 247% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 19.2 10.498013245 183% => OK
text_standard: 27.0 11.2008830022 241% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.