TPO 47
The article states that Pterosaurs were incapable of powered flight, which is flying by flapping their wings, and provides three reasons of support. However, the professor explains that recent researches have proved that pterosaurs were in-fact capable of powered flight and refutes each of the author's reasons.
First, the reading states that powered flight requires lots of energy and cold-blooded pterosaurs were not able to produce this energy. The professor refutes this point by mentioning that some fossils have been found that have dense coverings like fur. She elaborates on this by mentioning that this covering is typical for warm-blooded animals because they want to keep their body temperatures high. She explains that pterosaurs metabolism were probably like this warm-blooded animals, so they could have been able to produce the needed energy.
Second, the author posits that pterosaurs were probably heavy so they were incapable of powered flight. However, the professor explains that their anatomical features prove that they were actually light for their size. She says that they had hollow bones, which made it possible for their big body frame to have a low weight.
Third, the reading claims that because of their weak back leg muscles, pterosaurs were not able too take off before powered flight. The professor challenges this point by explaining that take off would have been a problem for them if they were just like birds. She explains that birds and pterosaurs have some differences. She states that birds use just two legs in take-off but pterosaurs use all their four legs on the ground, so they use all those four legs to push them for take off. She says that this would have allowed pterosaurs to run fast and launch easily.
- TPO 64 integrated 85
- TPO 43 70
- Agree Disagree The opinions of celebrities such as famous entertainers and athletes are more important to younger people than they are to older people Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 70
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Providing Internet access is just as important as other services such as building roads so governments should offer Internet access to all of their citizens at no cost Use specific reasons and examples 68
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 83
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 22 in 30
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 14 12
No. of Words: 287 250
No. of Characters: 1441 1200
No. of Different Words: 134 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.116 4.2
Average Word Length: 5.021 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.351 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 97 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 72 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 44 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 29 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 20.5 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.355 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.571 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.406 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.598 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.226 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4