voynich manuscript origin
The article introduces a old hand written book known as the 'Voynich manuscript" with contents written in a secret unknown coding language, and it provides some possible explanations about origin of the book. The lecturer disagrees with the reading passage and believes none of the theories are plausible. His further demonstrations are as follows.
Firstly, Ascham' work did not contain any original ideas and it was based on the previously existing knowledge. The book mentioned in the article, A Little Herbal, is about some plants based on another written document. On the contrary, Voynich manuscript is an original secret work composed of codes and it is not aligned with Ascham's work; thus, making it very unlikey to be his doing.
Secondly, although Kelly was in the business of enticing people with his tricks, the Voynich manuscript has far too elaborate designs to be considered his work. The people in sixteenth century were vulnerable to deception and Kelly would not have to provide such complex detailed elaborations to achieve his goals. Evidently, A much simpler manuscript would have been enough get the job of decieving people done if it was dependant on Kelly.
Finally, the materials used in the manuscript, the vellum and the ink, have been traced back to almost four hundred years age. While it could have been possible for Voynich himself to obtain old Vellum to manufacture a fake manuscript, how could he get four hundred years old ink? collectively, the idea of the manuscript being faked by Voynich does not seem possible either.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 24, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
The article introduces a old hand written book known as the Voyn...
^
Line 5, column 423, Rule ID: DEPENDENT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'dependent' on?
Suggestion: dependent
... job of decieving people done if it was dependant on Kelly. Finally, the materials use...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 282, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Collectively
...ould he get four hundred years old ink? collectively, the idea of the manuscript being faked...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, firstly, if, second, secondly, so, thus, while, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 0.0 12.0772626932 0% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1316.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 256.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.140625 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.75575348065 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.58984375 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 406.8 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.0234722771 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 109.666666667 110.228320801 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.3333333333 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.58333333333 7.06452816374 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.328418772745 0.272083759551 121% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.108361502168 0.0996497079465 109% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0968439983073 0.0662205650399 146% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.187421506274 0.162205337803 116% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0383756709211 0.0443174109184 87% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.53 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.12 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 24, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
The article introduces a old hand written book known as the Voyn...
^
Line 5, column 423, Rule ID: DEPENDENT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'dependent' on?
Suggestion: dependent
... job of decieving people done if it was dependant on Kelly. Finally, the materials use...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 282, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Collectively
...ould he get four hundred years old ink? collectively, the idea of the manuscript being faked...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, firstly, if, second, secondly, so, thus, while, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 0.0 12.0772626932 0% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1316.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 256.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.140625 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.75575348065 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.58984375 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 406.8 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.0234722771 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 109.666666667 110.228320801 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.3333333333 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.58333333333 7.06452816374 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.328418772745 0.272083759551 121% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.108361502168 0.0996497079465 109% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0968439983073 0.0662205650399 146% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.187421506274 0.162205337803 116% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0383756709211 0.0443174109184 87% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.53 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.12 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.