The following appeared in a memorandum from the general manager of KNOW radio station.
"Several factors indicate that radio station KNOW should shit its programming from rock-and-roll music to a continuous news format. Consider, for example, that the number of people in our listening area over fifty years of age has increased dramatically, while our total number of listeners has declined. Also, music stores in our area report decreased sales of recorded music. Finally, continuous news stations in neighboring cities have been very successful. The switch from rock- and-roll music to 24-hour news will attract older listeners and secure KNOW radio's future."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted
The general manager of KNOW radio station states that the station should shift its programming from rock music to 24-hour news by serving reasons as the age of listeners, area music purchase report and neighboring situation. While the speaker's argument seems plausible, when take a closer view, his assumptions underlying the evidence he presents are flawed, leaving his argument weak in logic.
First of all, the speaker's first evidence is the number of listeners aged fifty or not, here, his assumption is that, people over fifty years old do not like to listen to rock music. No more data in his memorandum is provided to show that old people are less like to rock music, instead, given the popularity of rock music was during 80's in last centuery, elders might have been the bedrock of the station's listener. And, subsequently, he states that the total number of listeners has declined, in other words, his subtext is saying that, such situation is because of rock music. But the author still has no more evidence to support his argument. If the number is declining just for a regular fluctuation, his assumption will be underminded. Because small decline is decline, fluctuation is not a strong enough evidence to support his assumoption.
Secondly, the report of his area has shown that people's will buying records decreases. However, it does not relate to radio station, recorded music is totally different from radio station. Some radio station is free, so if KNOW station is free, it implies, insteaed, that people that will listen to radio station will be more in near future, but KONW station is not free and there are free station in certain region, the manager should consider that whether the subscribtion fee is the cause of consumer decline.
Thirdly, what is discussing now is that the general manager uses an example that is successful but in other city to strengthen his deduction. However, while it is seemingly right to use that example, there still have a lot of differences, like population, age and rivelry competetion. The population could influence the way to judge if a station is successful, for example, if the judge standard is listening population, that will be cheatful if the difference is too large. And the age is similar, although the radio in that city is successful when shift from rock to news, no age information are provided for us to make sure that elders are more likely to listen news.
To sum up, while the speaker uses a number of evidence to sell his argument, his evidence are rife with holes and his assumptions underlying them are still flawed. Indeed, to strengthen his idea, more detailed evidence and researches should be conducted.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 236, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'speakers'' or 'speaker's'?
Suggestion: speakers'; speaker's
...rt and neighboring situation. While the speakers argument seems plausible, when take a c...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 399, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'stations'' or 'station's'?
Suggestion: stations'; station's
...ders might have been the bedrock of the stations listener. And, subsequently, he states ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 62, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'will' requires the base form of the verb: 'buy'
Suggestion: buy
...of his area has shown that peoples will buying records decreases. However, it does not...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 35, Rule ID: MANY_NN_U[5]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun evidence seems to be uncountable; consider using: 'much evidence', 'a good deal of evidence'.
Suggestion: much evidence; a good deal of evidence
.... To sum up, while the speaker uses a number of evidence to sell his argument, his evidence are ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, still, then, third, thirdly, while, for example, first of all, in other words, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 35.0 19.6327345309 178% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 11.1786427146 89% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 37.0 28.8173652695 128% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 50.0 55.5748502994 90% => OK
Nominalization: 37.0 16.3942115768 226% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2245.0 2260.96107784 99% => OK
No of words: 453.0 441.139720559 103% => OK
Chars per words: 4.95584988962 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.61343653406 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.6474774836 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 220.0 204.123752495 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.485651214128 0.468620217663 104% => OK
syllable_count: 693.9 705.55239521 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 4.96107784431 202% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 8.0 2.70958083832 295% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 63.8099470503 57.8364921388 110% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.058823529 119.503703932 111% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.6470588235 23.324526521 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.94117647059 5.70786347227 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.278347239365 0.218282227539 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0890274999547 0.0743258471296 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.113539399436 0.0701772020484 162% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.164283544572 0.128457276422 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.102112543719 0.0628817314937 162% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.3 14.3799401198 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.55 48.3550499002 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.38 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 99.0 98.500998004 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 12.3882235529 105% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 236, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'speakers'' or 'speaker's'?
Suggestion: speakers'; speaker's
...rt and neighboring situation. While the speakers argument seems plausible, when take a c...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 399, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'stations'' or 'station's'?
Suggestion: stations'; station's
...ders might have been the bedrock of the stations listener. And, subsequently, he states ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 62, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'will' requires the base form of the verb: 'buy'
Suggestion: buy
...of his area has shown that peoples will buying records decreases. However, it does not...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 35, Rule ID: MANY_NN_U[5]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun evidence seems to be uncountable; consider using: 'much evidence', 'a good deal of evidence'.
Suggestion: much evidence; a good deal of evidence
.... To sum up, while the speaker uses a number of evidence to sell his argument, his evidence are ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, still, then, third, thirdly, while, for example, first of all, in other words, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 35.0 19.6327345309 178% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 11.1786427146 89% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 37.0 28.8173652695 128% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 50.0 55.5748502994 90% => OK
Nominalization: 37.0 16.3942115768 226% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2245.0 2260.96107784 99% => OK
No of words: 453.0 441.139720559 103% => OK
Chars per words: 4.95584988962 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.61343653406 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.6474774836 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 220.0 204.123752495 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.485651214128 0.468620217663 104% => OK
syllable_count: 693.9 705.55239521 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 4.96107784431 202% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 8.0 2.70958083832 295% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 63.8099470503 57.8364921388 110% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.058823529 119.503703932 111% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.6470588235 23.324526521 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.94117647059 5.70786347227 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.278347239365 0.218282227539 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0890274999547 0.0743258471296 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.113539399436 0.0701772020484 162% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.164283544572 0.128457276422 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.102112543719 0.0628817314937 162% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.3 14.3799401198 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.55 48.3550499002 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.38 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 99.0 98.500998004 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 12.3882235529 105% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.