Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have
previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were
believed to have been unique to the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a
"Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep
and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the
Paleans had boats. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until
thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the
river—the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game. It follows that the
so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea
The author recommends that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.To support this recommendation the author points out that the ancient Paleans could only have crossed the Brim River by boat and they would also have had no need to cross the river.The author also cites archaeologists’ finding that "Palean" basket was discovered in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea.There are several reasons why this argument for the archaeological interpretation of Palean baskets is not convincing.
The first problem with this argument is that,even though the Brim River remains very deep and broad now,it is not clear in this study whether the current conditions at the Brim River are the same as they used to be in Palean times.During a sufficiently long interim period the geographic condition of the river might have changed. If the fact in the past was in the opposite of the present, then the ancient Paleans would not cross the river by boat.Thus it is impossible to conclude that the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat.
Secondly,the author fails to consider the possibility that the Paleans may arrived in Lithos through other means.The author unfairly assumes that crossing the river was the only way for the ancient Paleans to leave their village. Lacking evidence that crossing the river is inevitable, it is entirely possible that they could take the carriage on the land to Lithos rather than cross the river by boat.
Thirdly,the author's assumption that the only reason for the ancient Paleans to cross the river was for acquiring resources village of Palea lacked is invalid,because it's more likely that they could arrive other place for many other possible purposes such as trade, or cultural exchange. Therefore,it is insufficient to testify that Paleans would have had no need to cross the river.
Finally,the author points out that there are abundant resources currently-the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game.But the author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations,because the fact that there are abundant resources does not indicate that those resources also existed in Palean times.So it is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that Paleans would have had no need to cross the river.
In conclusion, the recommendation that Palean baskets didn’t merely belong to the Paleans is ill-founded. To strengthen this recommendation the author would have to demonstrate that current condition of surroundings around the village of Palea remains the same as the past condition. The author must also provide clearer evidence that crossing the river was the only mean through which Paleans arrived in Lithos and they went elsewhere just to acquire resources.All that has been shown so far is a correlation between these events.
- The following appeared in a memo written by a dean at Buckingham College To serve the housing needs of our students Buckingham College should build a new dormitory 4 Buckingham s enrollment is growing and based on current trends 1 should double over the n 66
- Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts Write a response in which you d 66
- The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal Arctic deer live on islands in Canada s arctic region They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to s 58
- The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books Monarch Books should open a caf in its store to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books which recently opened a caf Monarch which has been in business at the s 78
- The following appeared in a memo written by a dean at Buckingham College To serve the housing needs of our students Buckingham College should build a new dormitory Buckingham s enrollment is growing and based on current trends should double over the next 66
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 82, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: To
...Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.To support this recommendation the author ...
^^
Line 1, column 263, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...lso have had no need to cross the river.The author also cites archaeologists’ findi...
^^^
Line 1, column 418, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: There
...illage across the Brim River from Palea.There are several reasons why this argument f...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 45, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , even
...first problem with this argument is that,even though the Brim River remains very deep...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 104, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , it
...im River remains very deep and broad now,it is not clear in this study whether the ...
^^^
Line 2, column 184, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[8]
Message: The proper name in singular (River) must be used with a third-person verb: 'is'.
Suggestion: is
...he current conditions at the Brim River are the same as they used to be in Palean t...
^^^
Line 2, column 231, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: During
...same as they used to be in Palean times.During a sufficiently long interim period the ...
^^^^^^
Line 2, column 450, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Thus
...leans would not cross the river by boat.Thus it is impossible to conclude that the a...
^^^^
Line 2, column 450, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...leans would not cross the river by boat.Thus it is impossible to conclude that the a...
^^^^
Line 3, column 9, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
... only have crossed it by boat. Secondly,the author fails to consider the possibilit...
^^^^
Line 3, column 113, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...y arrived in Lithos through other means.The author unfairly assumes that crossing t...
^^^
Line 4, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...r than cross the river by boat. Thirdly,the authors assumption that the only reason...
^^^^
Line 4, column 13, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...n cross the river by boat. Thirdly,the authors assumption that the only reason for the...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 158, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , because
...urces village of Palea lacked is invalid,because its more likely that they could arrive ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 296, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , it
...s trade, or cultural exchange. Therefore,it is insufficient to testify that Paleans...
^^^
Line 5, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...had no need to cross the river. Finally,the author points out that there are abunda...
^^^^
Line 5, column 139, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: But
...e full of nuts, berries, and small game.But the author assumes without justificatio...
^^^
Line 5, column 282, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , because
...ifferent times or at different locations,because the fact that there are abundant resour...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 402, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: So
... resources also existed in Palean times.So it is not a sound evidence to draw a co...
^^
Line 6, column 462, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: All
...ent elsewhere just to acquire resources.All that has been shown so far is a correla...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, third, thirdly, thus, as for, in conclusion, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 19.6327345309 122% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 22.0 13.6137724551 162% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 28.8173652695 142% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 56.0 55.5748502994 101% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2457.0 2260.96107784 109% => OK
No of words: 469.0 441.139720559 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.23880597015 5.12650576532 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.65364457471 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.8975110222 2.78398813304 104% => OK
Unique words: 209.0 204.123752495 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.445628997868 0.468620217663 95% => OK
syllable_count: 747.9 705.55239521 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 19.7664670659 56% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 42.0 22.8473053892 184% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 138.912065651 57.8364921388 240% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 223.363636364 119.503703932 187% => OK
Words per sentence: 42.6363636364 23.324526521 183% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.5454545455 5.70786347227 202% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 20.0 5.25449101796 381% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 8.20758483034 12% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.162180080839 0.218282227539 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0768884766147 0.0743258471296 103% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0439095137071 0.0701772020484 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.10199128716 0.128457276422 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0491732638999 0.0628817314937 78% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 24.6 14.3799401198 171% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 28.85 48.3550499002 60% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 19.7 12.197005988 162% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.0 12.5979740519 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.92 8.32208582834 107% => OK
difficult_words: 95.0 98.500998004 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 28.5 12.3882235529 230% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 18.8 11.1389221557 169% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 82, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: To
...Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.To support this recommendation the author ...
^^
Line 1, column 263, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...lso have had no need to cross the river.The author also cites archaeologists’ findi...
^^^
Line 1, column 418, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: There
...illage across the Brim River from Palea.There are several reasons why this argument f...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 45, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , even
...first problem with this argument is that,even though the Brim River remains very deep...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 104, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , it
...im River remains very deep and broad now,it is not clear in this study whether the ...
^^^
Line 2, column 184, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[8]
Message: The proper name in singular (River) must be used with a third-person verb: 'is'.
Suggestion: is
...he current conditions at the Brim River are the same as they used to be in Palean t...
^^^
Line 2, column 231, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: During
...same as they used to be in Palean times.During a sufficiently long interim period the ...
^^^^^^
Line 2, column 450, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Thus
...leans would not cross the river by boat.Thus it is impossible to conclude that the a...
^^^^
Line 2, column 450, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...leans would not cross the river by boat.Thus it is impossible to conclude that the a...
^^^^
Line 3, column 9, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
... only have crossed it by boat. Secondly,the author fails to consider the possibilit...
^^^^
Line 3, column 113, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...y arrived in Lithos through other means.The author unfairly assumes that crossing t...
^^^
Line 4, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...r than cross the river by boat. Thirdly,the authors assumption that the only reason...
^^^^
Line 4, column 13, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...n cross the river by boat. Thirdly,the authors assumption that the only reason for the...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 158, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , because
...urces village of Palea lacked is invalid,because its more likely that they could arrive ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 296, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , it
...s trade, or cultural exchange. Therefore,it is insufficient to testify that Paleans...
^^^
Line 5, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...had no need to cross the river. Finally,the author points out that there are abunda...
^^^^
Line 5, column 139, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: But
...e full of nuts, berries, and small game.But the author assumes without justificatio...
^^^
Line 5, column 282, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , because
...ifferent times or at different locations,because the fact that there are abundant resour...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 402, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: So
... resources also existed in Palean times.So it is not a sound evidence to draw a co...
^^
Line 6, column 462, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: All
...ent elsewhere just to acquire resources.All that has been shown so far is a correla...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, third, thirdly, thus, as for, in conclusion, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 19.6327345309 122% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 22.0 13.6137724551 162% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 28.8173652695 142% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 56.0 55.5748502994 101% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2457.0 2260.96107784 109% => OK
No of words: 469.0 441.139720559 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.23880597015 5.12650576532 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.65364457471 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.8975110222 2.78398813304 104% => OK
Unique words: 209.0 204.123752495 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.445628997868 0.468620217663 95% => OK
syllable_count: 747.9 705.55239521 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 19.7664670659 56% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 42.0 22.8473053892 184% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 138.912065651 57.8364921388 240% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 223.363636364 119.503703932 187% => OK
Words per sentence: 42.6363636364 23.324526521 183% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.5454545455 5.70786347227 202% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 20.0 5.25449101796 381% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 8.20758483034 12% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.162180080839 0.218282227539 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0768884766147 0.0743258471296 103% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0439095137071 0.0701772020484 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.10199128716 0.128457276422 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0491732638999 0.0628817314937 78% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 24.6 14.3799401198 171% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 28.85 48.3550499002 60% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 19.7 12.197005988 162% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.0 12.5979740519 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.92 8.32208582834 107% => OK
difficult_words: 95.0 98.500998004 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 28.5 12.3882235529 230% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 18.8 11.1389221557 169% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.