TPo 32- Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds 'quackers' (from the Russian word for frog sounds).
Both the lecture and the reading are about the phenomenon of quackers sounds heard by Russian submarines during 1960s and 1980s. The author of the reading provides three theories to explain the cause. The lecturer calls into questions those three theories because she believes they are not adequate.
First of all, one theory suggested in the reading is that the sounds are made by orca whales which live in that area and were made during a courtship ritual. The lecturer, however, argues that Orca whales cannot be the source because this species lives near surface water while the submarines travels at signficantly higher depth. Therefore, the sailors can not hear whales´ sounds.
Secondly, the writers mentions that those sounds can be produced by giant squids which are thought to be intelligent animals. In contrast, the lecturer disproves this theory. She puts forth the fact that that those sounds were heard for 2 decades only then they disappeared completely while these creatures continue living in that water area until presence.
Thirdly, the reading says that the Russian submarines might pick up sounds emitted from other foreign submarines using military invisible technology which makes them undetected. The lecturer, on the other hand, rebuts this hypothesis. She contends that those strange noises changed directions quickly while submarines were unable to do so. Besides, no submarines have abilities to work at such low quietness even with the support of modern technology.
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| 2022-12-25 | nikki07hung | 61 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 106, Rule ID: IN_1990s[1]
Message: The article is probably missing here: 'during the 1960s'.
Suggestion: during the 1960s
...kers sounds heard by Russian submarines during 1960s and 1980s. The author of the reading pr...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 199, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: that
...es this theory. She puts forth the fact that that those sounds were heard for 2 decades o...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, but, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, third, thirdly, while, in contrast, kind of, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1484.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 283.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.24381625442 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10153676581 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4934680991 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 160.0 145.348785872 110% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.565371024735 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 444.6 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.0412279049 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.75 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.6875 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.125 7.06452816374 143% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.471084269565 0.272083759551 173% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127695620587 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0875972284086 0.0662205650399 132% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.260146722975 0.162205337803 160% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0869732209434 0.0443174109184 196% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.82 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.39 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.