Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands were extinct. Previous archaeological findings have suggested that early humans generally relied on both fishing and hunting for food; since archaeologists have discovered numerous sites in the Kaliko Islands where the bones of fish were discarded, it is likely that the humans also hunted the mammals. Furthermore, researchers have uncovered simple tools, such as stone knives, that could be used for hunting. The only clear explanation is that humans caused the extinction of the various mammal species through excessive hunting.
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
In this argument, we are informed that after human habitant in Kaliko Island 7,000 years ago, most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forest of this island gradually reach extinction. Citing by archaeological discoveries, such as discarded fish bones as well stone knives, the author ascribe such extinction to excessive human hunting. Quite convincing though such explanation stays, it's somehow problematic to consider it as the unique explanation that accounts for the facts mentioned by the author in the passage. Therefore, we have to pore over other explanations, which could compete with the one proposed in the argument.
To start off, the author attribute the left fish bones to human fishing. While human fishing behaviors might result in such discarded bones, it's possible that they could spring from other factors. First of all, it is possible that the fish bones remain could trace back to the period when human habitants are still rare, even non-existent. If this is the case, human behavior seems to have no bearing on the fish bones leftover. Such remains could be explained as stemming from the natural death of fish and eventual deposit on this site. Second, while human resident actually corresponded with fishing habitant, the probability that other factors lead to such fishing bone could not be precluded. It is of equal probability that other animal could catch and eat fish and therefore contributed to such extermination. If such reasoning proves invalid, the argument of the author will be strengthened; otherwise, if Kaliko people seldom live via fishing hunting, the underline logic of the author would loss weights, namely: if people tend to hunt fish, they are likely to do hunting for other animals as well.
Additionally, the uncovered simple tools, like stone knives, seem to lend great credibility to support the assumption that human hunting exacerbated the diminishing of mammal species. However, such tools might not only serve for the stated purpose, but also for other potential usages. For example, such tools might be used by people for daily live recording; or people may use them for decoration purpose. Furthermore, they might be also used for protection again other animals. Therefore, without sufficient nt information, we can make decision which explanation would play more crucial role for such tools. Moreover, all of the presence of usage might conspire to the discovery of tools.
Last but not least, while both discarded fish bones and stone knives might add weights to emphasize huge impact of human activities for extinction result of mammal species, we have no clues that human hunting are able to reach such severe extent that directly cause extermination of various mammal species. Other factors might also heavily impact and engender such phenomenon. For example, climate weather that exceed the adaption ability of animals species, gradually scare food resources on which animals rely on, more aggressive species competence, all of those could trigger and accelerate the ultimate annihilation of animal species in this island.
To sum up, while we have to acknowledge for a moment that human behaviors exert great influence to nature, in the absence of adequate information, it's too hasty to draw conclusion that annihilation of animal species could be caused exclusively by such reason. The extermination of animal species in Kaliko island is such a case which need more explanations that could account for the facts presented in the passage, apart from the anthropogenic one.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 23 15
No. of Words: 569 350
No. of Characters: 2916 1500
No. of Different Words: 270 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.884 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.125 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.6 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 203 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 150 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 96 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 70 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 24.739 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 11.311 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.783 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.304 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.512 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.128 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 9, column 621, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
... crucial role for such tools. Moreover, all of the presence of usage might conspire to the...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, may, moreover, second, so, still, then, therefore, well, while, apart from, for example, such as, first of all, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 19.6327345309 71% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 22.0 12.9520958084 170% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 11.1786427146 81% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 13.6137724551 140% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 28.8173652695 121% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 69.0 55.5748502994 124% => OK
Nominalization: 24.0 16.3942115768 146% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3005.0 2260.96107784 133% => OK
No of words: 569.0 441.139720559 129% => OK
Chars per words: 5.28119507909 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.88402711743 4.56307096286 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7064695408 2.78398813304 97% => OK
Unique words: 287.0 204.123752495 141% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.504393673111 0.468620217663 108% => OK
syllable_count: 937.8 705.55239521 133% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 4.96107784431 222% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 7.0 2.70958083832 258% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 70.3803063621 57.8364921388 122% => OK
Chars per sentence: 130.652173913 119.503703932 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.7391304348 23.324526521 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.60869565217 5.70786347227 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.67664670659 214% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.166231572276 0.218282227539 76% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0531222343202 0.0743258471296 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0891276413918 0.0701772020484 127% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.116198808781 0.128457276422 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0874472741608 0.0628817314937 139% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.8 14.3799401198 110% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 48.3550499002 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.64 12.5979740519 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.93 8.32208582834 107% => OK
difficult_words: 148.0 98.500998004 150% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.