The lecture talks about the evidence that fossil remains are indeed bees, which may refute the paragraph's question that the fossil remains is not related to actual bees.
First, the professor argues that there's no suitable condition forming the fossils 200 million years ago. To be more specific, the tree producing the sticky liquid that can preserve the bees does not exist at that time. Therefore, the bee's remains wouldn't be wrapped in the sticky liquid and then became a fossil.
Second, the passage cast doubt on the lack of flowering plants 200 million ago. However, the professor provides an alternative hypothesis that the primitive bees 200 million ago didn't feed on Flowering plants. The bees may feed on non-flowering plants when they first appear and adopted the Flowering plants later.
Another concern from the passage is that the fossil structure found in Arizona lacks some finer details compared to modern bees' nest chambers. The professor uses chemical analysis to refute those concerns. Today bees secrete water-proof chemicals to form a protective layer for the chamber, and the professor also found the chemical in the chamber's fossil.
In summary, the lecture gives a finer explanation and evidence that the bees did exist 200 million years ago.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement In the past young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives Use specific reasons and examples to su 66
- Did bees a type of insect exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests The structures have been found inside 200 million year old fossilized trees i 76
- In the United States medical information about patients traditionally has been recorded and stored on paper forms However there are efforts to persuade doctors to adopt electronic medical record systems in which information about patients is stored in ele 73
- Humans have long been fascinated by elephants the largest land animal in the modern world Social animals that live in herds elephants are native to both Africa and Asia Their large ears long trunk and long life span have made elephants one of the mo 65
- TOEFL T P O 44 Integrated Writing Task 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 34, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: there's
...bees. First, the professor argues that theres no suitable condition forming the fossi...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 121, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...e the bees does not exist at that time. Therefore the remains of bee wouldnt be wrapped i...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 150, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...that time. Therefore the remains of bee wouldnt be wrapped in the sticky liquid and the...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 181, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...hat the primitive bees 200 millions ago didnt feed on Flowering plants. The bees may...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 221, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...didnt feed on Flowering plants. The bees may feed on non-flowering plants when th...
^^
Line 5, column 164, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'uses'.
Suggestion: uses
...bers made by modern bees. The professor use the chemical analysis to refute those c...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, may, second, so, then, therefore, in summary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 22.0 30.3222958057 73% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1096.0 1373.03311258 80% => OK
No of words: 215.0 270.72406181 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.0976744186 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.82921379641 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.39615700975 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 145.348785872 84% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.567441860465 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 330.3 419.366225166 79% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.3173826778 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.6363636364 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.5454545455 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.36363636364 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 4.09492273731 147% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.308480916547 0.272083759551 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.117265142415 0.0996497079465 118% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0800544682604 0.0662205650399 121% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.160469968282 0.162205337803 99% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0771670519497 0.0443174109184 174% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.3 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.84 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.