Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The topic is discussing that whether the dinosaur is endotherm. Unfortunately, the writer and the lecturer have different ideas about the issue.
First, the writer asserts that dinosaurs had lived in Polar Regions. They need to maintain their temperature well above the severely cold weather surrounding the environment. By contrast, the lecturer claims that the temperature at that time was warmer than nowadays, so they do not maintain the temperature to sustain the body. Even though the winter at that time, they can move to the warmer region to avoid them getting cold in the frozen time.
In addition, the writer states that endothermy can make a connection to the position and movement of the legs. It can cope with some intensive behavior such as running. However, the lecturer gives a sheer counterpart statement that as same as crocodiles and many lizards, they similarly have legs but they are not endothermy. They do not need legs running and still can have survived until now. Moreover, the large size body is an advantage for dinosaurs to survive.
Last but not least, the writer argues that bone structure can be a key point to consider dinosaurs to be endothermy. They suggest that dinosaurs have large body sizes is because of the bone of the endotherm usually including Haversian canals. Conversely, in accordance with the speaker, he says that the reason for growing quickly is not Haversian canals but grow rings. The temperature plays an influential role in dinosaur's growing rate which grow slower in the winter.
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| 2023-11-14 | TiOluwani97 | 80 | view |
| 2023-07-20 | guna | 73 | view |
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| 2023-07-04 | Hrushikesh_Vaddoriya | 66 | view |
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- The well being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take In developing and su 50
- Evidence suggests that academic honor codes which call for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors and to notify a faculty member if they suspect that others have cheated are far more successful than are other methods at deterring cheat 50
- In many organizations perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages First of all a group of people has a wider range of knowledge exper 83
- a nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college 50
- Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant For instance humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37 C no matter whether the environment is warm or cold Because dinosaurs were rep 80
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, however, if, moreover, similarly, so, still, well, in addition, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1284.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 254.0 270.72406181 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.05511811024 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.99216450694 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67368926714 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.570866141732 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 401.4 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.0823994498 49.2860985944 63% => OK
Chars per sentence: 85.6 110.228320801 78% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.9333333333 21.698381199 78% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.33333333333 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.179456328197 0.272083759551 66% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0632178706596 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0635089806854 0.0662205650399 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.105242289912 0.162205337803 65% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0305864241533 0.0443174109184 69% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.9 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.77 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.66 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 63.6247240618 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.