The author in the argument states that the respondents in the first study faked their choice of reading novels which is based on certain evidence presented about the number of books checked out of public library. At first glance, the author’s argument might seem persuasive but upon perusing it, one can find that it is based on innumerable assumption which makes the argument flawed.
To begin with, the author posits the study conducted to be reliable and absolutely flawless. There is no evidence regarding the statistics of the survey which would make the argument stronger. For instance, if 100 people responded that they preferred literary classics, at first it might seem to be a huge number but if the survey was conducted on, say, 500 people then the number is actually very small. Similarly, there is no evidence regarding the number of books checked out from the public library, what were the types of books, how many of them were classics, mystery, romance, or science fiction? What is the age group of these people? If the survey was conducted on young people then they may usually prefer mystery noverls, on contrast, if it was conducted on senior citizens then they may like the classics better. This data is crucial for reaching to a particular conclusion.
Secondly, the author assumes that the second study was conducted on the same group of respondents, if it is otherwise the results from both the studies ought to be different. For instance, it may happen that majority of first respondents were language students of the University, in which case it is highly probable that they like classics. On the other hand, the second group of respondents might have been law student at the University, in which case they would be most naturally inclined to mystery novels. Observations from one set of respondents cannot be applied to other set of respondents. If this assumption is true then the argument would not hold water.
Finally, the author takes into consideration that people who check out with mystery novels actually read, or for that matter, like mystery novels. It may be that majority of the citizens of Waymarsh are discovering the mystery novels due to some anomaly. Maybe there is a film that is recently released about mystery thrillers, which made citizens excited for a short period of time in these kind of novels. Whereas, in reality after reading these novels they find classics better. If these assumptions were to be true then it would significantly weaken the author’s argument.
In conclusion, at the moment the author’s argument is based on excessive number of assumption and if any of the assumptions were to be true then it would significantly weaken the author’s argument of the first responders misrepresenting. For him to conclude this, the author must provide more conducive evidence.
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- The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants Recently butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the south western United States This change however has had little impact 60
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e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 3 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 472 350
No. of Characters: 2306 1500
No. of Different Words: 203 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.661 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.886 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.585 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 167 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 121 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 90 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 44 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22.476 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.693 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.81 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.315 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.52 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.12 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 599, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...be applied to other set of respondents. If this assumption is true then the argume...
^^
Line 7, column 369, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...which made citizens excited for a short period of time in these kind of novels. Whereas, in re...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 387, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this kind' or 'these kinds'?
Suggestion: this kind; these kinds
...s excited for a short period of time in these kind of novels. Whereas, in reality after re...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 483, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...these novels they find classics better. If these assumptions were to be true then ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, first, if, may, regarding, second, secondly, similarly, so, then, whereas, for instance, in conclusion, kind of, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 32.0 19.6327345309 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 16.0 12.9520958084 124% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 28.8173652695 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 69.0 55.5748502994 124% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 16.3942115768 122% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2381.0 2260.96107784 105% => OK
No of words: 472.0 441.139720559 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04449152542 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.6610686524 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71412693621 2.78398813304 97% => OK
Unique words: 208.0 204.123752495 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.440677966102 0.468620217663 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 732.6 705.55239521 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 11.0 4.22255489022 261% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.4597167381 57.8364921388 99% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.380952381 119.503703932 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.4761904762 23.324526521 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.04761904762 5.70786347227 141% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 11.0 8.20758483034 134% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.183774405197 0.218282227539 84% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0542232571608 0.0743258471296 73% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0584241205095 0.0701772020484 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0949369787155 0.128457276422 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0527688684859 0.0628817314937 84% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 14.3799401198 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.3550499002 102% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.25 12.5979740519 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.97 8.32208582834 96% => OK
difficult_words: 97.0 98.500998004 98% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.