In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University of Waymarsh, most respondents said that they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a second study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Waymarsh was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.
Here the author has first highlighted a study that shows the reading habit of students of University of Waymarsh. The study concluded that most of the studetns prefer literary classics as their reading material. Then, the author showed the results from another study by same researchers and concluded that mystery novel is the most frequently checked out genre in each of the public liberaries in Waymarsh. The author is arguing that the students of Waymarsh University misrepresented their reading habit.
However, by comparing the reading habits of university students with the entire readers of public liberaries of Waymarsh, one cannot derive the above conclusion. The sample space used in the second study inclueds readers from different age groups, while the first study includes only university students. The reading preferences might changes according to the respective age groups. If more people other than the students of Waymarsh visits the public liberary then the preference of former group might influence the results of the second study. It is not necessary that the choices of university students affect the checked-out genres of the public liberaries.
There might be a possibility that students from the university never preferred to reach out to the public liberaries for their reading activities. They might get their book of choice from the university liberary itself or they might prefer e-books over hard-copy. Hence the students of Waymarsh University might have no role to play in the second study. Their choice of readings might actually have no influence, even if it contradicts the second study.
Also, there can be an unavailability of literary classics in the public libraries. Even if majority of readers are indeed interested in reading literary classics, but the possibility of its unavailability might force them to check out other genres, especially mystery novel. Even if classic novels are available, their numbers might be much lesser as compared to the mystery novels, which eventually influences the results of second study.
Thus from the above reasoning one can conclude that the argument represented by the author might not lead to an accurate result. One cannot directly regard the choices of students of Waymarsh University as misrepresented.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 3 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 8 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 359 350
No. of Characters: 1897 1500
No. of Different Words: 164 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.353 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.284 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.718 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 150 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 109 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 83 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 47 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 19.944 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.873 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.611 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.383 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.383 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.14 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 383, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...according to the respective age groups. If more people other than the students of ...
^^
Line 2, column 662, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ed-out genres of the public liberaries. There might be a possibility that studen...
^^^^
Line 3, column 265, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...ey might prefer e-books over hard-copy. Hence the students of Waymarsh University mig...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 349, Rule ID: COMP_THAN[3]
Message: Comparison requires 'than', not 'then' nor 'as'.
Suggestion: than
...ble, their numbers might be much lesser as compared to the mystery novels, which e...
^^
Line 4, column 441, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...influences the results of second study. Thus from the above reasoning one can co...
^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...luences the results of second study. Thus from the above reasoning one can conclu...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, first, hence, however, if, second, so, then, thus, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 19.6327345309 41% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 11.1786427146 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 13.6137724551 59% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 20.0 28.8173652695 69% => OK
Preposition: 52.0 55.5748502994 94% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 16.3942115768 24% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1933.0 2260.96107784 85% => OK
No of words: 359.0 441.139720559 81% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.38440111421 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.35284910392 4.56307096286 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.78721953438 2.78398813304 100% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 204.123752495 82% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.467966573816 0.468620217663 100% => OK
syllable_count: 609.3 705.55239521 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 4.96107784431 81% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 19.7664670659 91% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.807958285 57.8364921388 62% => OK
Chars per sentence: 107.388888889 119.503703932 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.9444444444 23.324526521 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.27777777778 5.70786347227 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 6.88822355289 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.67664670659 214% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.292316138571 0.218282227539 134% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.115985395443 0.0743258471296 156% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0763280636139 0.0701772020484 109% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.173217177902 0.128457276422 135% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.112658426497 0.0628817314937 179% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 14.3799401198 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.73 48.3550499002 90% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.92 12.5979740519 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.45 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 88.0 98.500998004 89% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 12.3882235529 93% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.