173.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"The population on Balmer Island doubles during the summer months. During the summer, then, the town council of Balmer Island should decrease the maximum number of moped rentals allowed at each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day. This will significantly reduce the number of summertime accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians. The neighboring island of Torseau actually saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents last year when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals. To help reduce moped accidents, therefore, we should also enforce these limitations during the summer months."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The passage asserts that the regulating the maximum number of moped rentals will decrease the total number of accidents inside the Balmer Island. However, the passage makes a few assumptions that may need to be further validated. The assumptions needing further reasoning are that population increase leads to more rentals inside the island, and that less rentals lead to less accidents inside the island, and finally that the Torseau Island's case and Balmer Island's case are parallel.
First of all, the passage makes a sloppy assumption that increased population inside the island will lead to an increased number of people wanting to rent vehicles. However, this may not be totally true if Balmer Island is not large and can be traveled by walking so that people really don't feel the need to rent transportation methods. Therefore, to validify this argument, the passage should provide supplementary information that population increase inside the island will lead to an increase in rental rates.
Next, the passage mentions that the decrease of rental rates will lead to a decrease in accident rates. On the other hand, this cannot be justified because, even though rental rates decrease there might be a possibility that the total number of cars do actually increase because the people coming to the island may bring their own vehicles. This may cause the traffic to become more complicated and may lead to more accidents. In addition, there is also a possibility that drivers inside the Blamer island are cautious and tend to conform really well to the traffic rules, and even though rental rates increase, these drivers do not cause any problems with pedestrians.
Last but not least, there is insufficient evidence that the traffic and road conditions of Balmer Island and Torseau Island are the same. In the case of the Torseau Island, the road may be narrow and complicated so that there is a high possibility that moped and pedestrians could collide. So, decreased moped will result in lower accident rates. In contrast, in the Balmer island the road may be well planned and pedestrian roads may be separated from vehicle roads. Then, even though the number of moped and bicycles increase, it will have insignificant effect on accident rate between vehicles and pedestrians. Nevertheless, if Balmer Island and Torseau Island has similar road structures, then limiting motorcycle rent may help decrease the accident rate in Balmer Island too.
In conclusion, the passage has some detrimental logical flaws such as population increase will lead to an increase in rental increase, less bicycles and motorcycles lead to a lower accident rate, and finally that the Torseau Island and Balmer Island can be considered as equals.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 17 15
No. of Words: 446 350
No. of Characters: 2245 1500
No. of Different Words: 175 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.596 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.034 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.561 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 180 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 121 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 79 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 41 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26.235 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.897 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.882 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.396 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.599 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.111 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 352, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun rentals is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...ore rentals inside the island, and that less rentals lead to less accidents inside t...
^^^^
Line 1, column 373, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun accidents is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...e island, and that less rentals lead to less accidents inside the island, and finall...
^^^^
Line 3, column 288, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...aveled by walking so that people really dont feel the need to rent transportation me...
^^^^
Line 9, column 137, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun bicycles is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...lead to an increase in rental increase, less bicycles and motorcycles lead to a lowe...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, however, if, may, nevertheless, really, so, then, therefore, well, in addition, in conclusion, in contrast, such as, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 19.6327345309 87% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 24.0 12.9520958084 185% => OK
Conjunction : 19.0 11.1786427146 170% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 28.8173652695 76% => OK
Preposition: 47.0 55.5748502994 85% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2303.0 2260.96107784 102% => OK
No of words: 445.0 441.139720559 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.17528089888 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.59293186426 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62707490092 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 179.0 204.123752495 88% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.402247191011 0.468620217663 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 717.3 705.55239521 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.67365269461 239% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 61.4157650263 57.8364921388 106% => OK
Chars per sentence: 135.470588235 119.503703932 113% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.1764705882 23.324526521 112% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.8823529412 5.70786347227 191% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.262719081306 0.218282227539 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.112549085813 0.0743258471296 151% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.087884961512 0.0701772020484 125% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.17594113544 0.128457276422 137% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0738165615541 0.0628817314937 117% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.1 14.3799401198 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 48.3550499002 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 12.197005988 110% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.06 12.5979740519 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.08 8.32208582834 97% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 98.500998004 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.