The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice to a client. “Homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last year that region experienced twenty days with below-average temperatures, and local weather forecasters throughout the region predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes have been built in this region during the past year. Because of these developments, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil.”
The argument makes a number of unwarranted assumptions regarding the rise of demand for heating oil for the future based on harsh weather in winter and new homes built in the northeastern United States. These unstated assumptions render the argument highly doubtful. If the assumptions do not hold true, the argument would fall apart.
The argument assumes that weather in winter in the northeastern America region is cold, oil is used for heating there and the forecasters predict this trend will continue for several years. Firstly, the argument does not give any specific information about the share of oil for heating and alternative sources available in the market. If an eligible alternative source of energy could be used in the winter, the demand for the oil would not raise as assumed by the argument. If there are alternative sources of fuel of heating in the market, the proposed investment would be unprofitable or cause loss of some money for the customer.
Another unstated assumption is that new homes built in the region last year could raise the demand for oil for heating without mentioning their number and heating systems. The term used “many homes” does not offer any statistical meaning unless it compares precisely with the previous years. Maybe new homes will have electrical air conditioning units. If the number of homes that need oil is not as high as claimed, another assumption will fail to prove a rise in demand for the substance.
Thus the argument proves to be weak in many aspects. The above discussion shows that the writer could not provide cogent evidence about the expected rise of demand for oil in years to come.
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- The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice to a client. “Homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last year that region experi 50
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 13 15
No. of Words: 278 350
No. of Characters: 1351 1500
No. of Different Words: 137 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.083 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.86 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.526 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 93 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 67 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 43 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 24 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 21.385 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.526 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.538 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.386 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.602 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.099 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 635, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...se loss of some money for the customer. Another unstated assumption is that new ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
... rise in demand for the substance. Thus the argument proves to be weak in many ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, if, may, regarding, so, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 19.6327345309 41% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 11.1786427146 45% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 4.0 13.6137724551 29% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 8.0 28.8173652695 28% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 55.5748502994 56% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1403.0 2260.96107784 62% => OK
No of words: 278.0 441.139720559 63% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.04676258993 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08329915638 4.56307096286 89% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61551113632 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 204.123752495 69% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.507194244604 0.468620217663 108% => OK
syllable_count: 435.6 705.55239521 62% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 4.22255489022 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 19.7664670659 66% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.6690307713 57.8364921388 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 107.923076923 119.503703932 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.3846153846 23.324526521 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.38461538462 5.70786347227 59% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 8.20758483034 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 11.0 6.88822355289 160% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.200548390244 0.218282227539 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0726232313009 0.0743258471296 98% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0574117609001 0.0701772020484 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.119071828965 0.128457276422 93% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0312565915917 0.0628817314937 50% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 14.3799401198 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 48.3550499002 104% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 12.197005988 94% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.5979740519 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.26 8.32208582834 99% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 98.500998004 64% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.