Paleo diets, in which one eats how early hominids (human ancestors) did, are becoming increasingly popular. Proponents claim our bodies evolved to eat these types of food, especially bone broth, a soup made by cooking animal bones for several hours. They believe it has many health-promoting nutrients, such as cartilage, which can heal our joints, and chondroitin, which promotes nerve regeneration. Skeptics point out that ingested cartilage can’t replenish cartilage in your knees or elbows and ingested chondroitin doesn’t make our brains any healthier. Yet, there is strong anecdotal evidence that people who consume bone broth have fewer metabolic and inflammatory diseases than those who don’t. Therefore, ancient humans knew something about our physiology that we don’t, and that by emulating the way they ate, we can cure many chronic illnesses.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The given argument supporting the health improvement capabilities of the paleo diet, more specificially bone broth, relies on some key assumptions including anecdotal evidence that consumers of bone brother had fewers diseases, ancient humans knew something about their physiology, and that emulating their diet will confer a cure for illnesses. When considered further, these assumptions may be unwarranted and thus significantly undermine the presented argument.
The first unwarranted assumption relates to the anecdotal evidence wherein people who consumed bone broth for health purposes presented fewer make practice other health behaviors that contribute to them have less metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Anecdotal evidence often cannot be generalized, and correlation does not equal causation. Without scientific research, anecdotal evidence alone does not provide any information or account for the life style of bone broth consumers vs. those who did not thus . There might be other variables involved such as different diets, exercise regiments, and overall health consciousness of an individual who consumes bone broth in comparison to one who does not.
Another unwarranted assumption the argument makes is that ancient humans somehow knew about their physiology enough to know that bone broth was beneficial health-wise. Ancient humans did not have the explicit and abundant knowledge that we today do about the processes of our body and how to exact improving change on it. Additionally, it could be likely that ancient humans simply made do with what they had, they prepared bone broth as it was a way to use every part of the animal. Thus it is highly unlikely they were thoughtful enough in their decision to consume broth as they would not have had the knowledge or capabilities to discern it benefits or lack thereof.
The argument then further claimed that emulating the way ancient humans ate could result in curing many chronic illnesses. This claim would need to be backed by robust evidence that bone broth has been able to cure multiple chronic illnesses. However, as it is presented without any scientific evidence indicating that bone broth has been able to cure an actual chronic illness, or multiple at that it is clear this assumptionis unwarranted. Furthermore, even if a scientific study were conducted it could potentially conclude that bone broth has no significant impact on health outcomes in individuals with chronic illness which would greatly undermine the argument's statement.
Thus the argument would need to offer additional evidence-based research, and elaborate on or possibly even remove some of these assumptions in order to have any validity.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 10 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 9 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 417 350
No. of Characters: 2244 1500
No. of Different Words: 216 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.519 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.381 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.829 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 164 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 135 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 106 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 73 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 27.8 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.893 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.6 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.37 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.627 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.145 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 261, Rule ID: ADVERB_WORD_ORDER[9]
Message: The adverb 'often' is usually put before the verb 'evidence'.
Suggestion: often evidence
...ic and inflammatory diseases. Anecdotal evidence often cannot be generalized, and correlation ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 508, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...oth consumers vs. those who did not thus . There might be other variables involved...
^^
Line 5, column 485, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
... a way to use every part of the animal. Thus it is highly unlikely they were thought...
^^^^
Line 7, column 659, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'arguments'' or 'argument's'?
Suggestion: arguments'; argument's
...lness which would greatly undermine the arguments statement. Thus the argument would ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
... undermine the arguments statement. Thus the argument would need to offer additi...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, furthermore, however, if, may, so, then, thus, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 19.6327345309 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 13.6137724551 132% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 28.8173652695 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 55.5748502994 68% => OK
Nominalization: 19.0 16.3942115768 116% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2289.0 2260.96107784 101% => OK
No of words: 417.0 441.139720559 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.48920863309 5.12650576532 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.5189133491 4.56307096286 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.89814442166 2.78398813304 104% => OK
Unique words: 222.0 204.123752495 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.532374100719 0.468620217663 114% => OK
syllable_count: 727.2 705.55239521 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.76447105788 34% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 5.0 1.67365269461 299% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 19.7664670659 81% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 70.3590956718 57.8364921388 122% => OK
Chars per sentence: 143.0625 119.503703932 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.0625 23.324526521 112% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.125 5.70786347227 72% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.18423412881 0.218282227539 84% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0650996639103 0.0743258471296 88% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0358142412353 0.0701772020484 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0991883972372 0.128457276422 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0460734290012 0.0628817314937 73% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.5 14.3799401198 122% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 36.63 48.3550499002 76% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 7.1628742515 156% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 12.197005988 120% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.86 12.5979740519 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.13 8.32208582834 110% => OK
difficult_words: 111.0 98.500998004 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 21.5 12.3882235529 174% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.9071856287 126% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 83.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 5.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.