ancient reptiles powered flights
The reading and the lecturer are both about pterosaurs. Which were a group of winged reptile, and many of them are very large with a wingspan over twelve meters.The author of reading believes that large pterosaurs were not capable to do powered flight. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in article and says that, according to recent study, pterosaurs could do powered flight.
First of all, the author claims that ancient reptiles were probably cold-blooded. Therefore they could not produce a lot of energy to fly. This point is challenged by the lecturer. He says that, there is evidence from fossils that, pterosaurs had hair like covering which was most likely to fur. Its use was to maintain their body temperature. So, ancient pterosaurs were warm-blooded animals and able to produce high energy for powered flight.
Secondly, the author states that pterosaurs were too heavy like giraffe. He argues that they could not be able to flap their wings fast enough to stay any long time. The lecturer rebuts this argument and suggests that their anatomical structure was appropriate for powered flight. He elaborates on this by mentioning that their bones were hollow so they are light weighted so they did not need much energy to flapping wings.
Thirdly, the author mentions that, animals with powered flights are able to take off from ground same like birds. He is of the opinion that, pterosaur's back leg muscles were too small and weak to allow them to fly. The lecturer, on the other hand, sates that, they used their all four limbs to push themselves forward. She puts forth the idea that, they were able to jump high enough to launch themselves in air.
In conclusion, the lecturer effectively casts doubt on all of the claims presented in reading.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 163, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...arge with a wingspan over twelve meters.The author of reading believes that large p...
^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... pterosaurs could do powered flight. First of all, the author claims that anc...
^^
Line 3, column 85, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...nt reptiles were probably cold-blooded. Therefore they could not produce a lot of energy ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 313, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...h was most likely to fur. Its use was to maintain their body temperature. So, anc...
^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...duce high energy for powered flight. Secondly, the author states that pterosa...
^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... need much energy to flapping wings. Thirdly, the author mentions that, anima...
^^
Line 9, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... enough to launch themselves in air. In conclusion, the lecturer effectively ...
^^
Line 9, column 58, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...the lecturer effectively casts doubt on all of the claims presented in reading.
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 88, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... doubt on all of the claims presented in reading.
^^
Line 10, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...l of the claims presented in reading.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, second, secondly, so, therefore, third, thirdly, as to, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 37.0 22.412803532 165% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1486.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 300.0 270.72406181 111% => OK
Chars per words: 4.95333333333 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.16179145029 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.41500862662 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 160.0 145.348785872 110% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.533333333333 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 441.0 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 36.4674723995 49.2860985944 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.5555555556 110.228320801 75% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.6666666667 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.33333333333 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 10.0 4.19205298013 239% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.193738315798 0.272083759551 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0580233672187 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0869608193546 0.0662205650399 131% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0991890262235 0.162205337803 61% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0738401549414 0.0443174109184 167% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.2 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.13 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.43 8.42419426049 88% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.