The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperatures in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900 C.E. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disruption of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream current. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruptions could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruptions that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reasons (disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees and less carbon dioxide, Earth became cooler.
The topic discusses the reason which causes the Little Ice Age, and the writer presents three arguments for this issue. Nonetheless, the writer's statements encounter serious dissensions from the professor and he introduces counterarguments.
First, the writer declares that the disruption of ocean currents result in the Little Ice Age, and it is because a period of unusually warm weather made the glacier melt into water and flow into the Gulf Stream, which became cold. By contrast, this seemingly plausible statement is critically rebuked by the professor's account from a conflicting angle that the Gulf Stream only influenced Europe and America, while some places such as New Zealand were still influenced. Therefore, only Gulf Stream can't explain the original cause of the Little Ice Age. Apparently, this author's point is rather untenable.
Second, the writer asserts that volcanic eruption, which produced many dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas, would block the sunlight to decrease the temperature and eventually form the Little Ice Age. On the contrary, the professor disclaims this statement and holds that it is illogical that dust and sulfur gas are visible, and it would have an uncommon color of sunset and different colors of snow. Moreover, no reports and records are found to prove this situation. Thus, the final conclusion might be prejudiced and carry little conviction.
Lastly, the writer claims that the human population will indirectly contribute to cool the temperature because many agricultural fields turned to forests that absorb carbon dioxide. However, the professor stands in stark opposition by pointing out that there was not enough time to absorb much carbon dioxide. Moreover, the human population grew back quickly, so many forests were cut down to feed the human being. Hence, the point expressed in the text is merely a false assumption.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 498, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...influenced. Therefore, only Gulf Stream cant explain the original cause of the Littl...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
apparently, but, first, hence, however, if, lastly, moreover, nonetheless, second, so, still, therefore, thus, while, such as, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1585.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 298.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.31879194631 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15483772266 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67325849423 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 183.0 145.348785872 126% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.614093959732 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 482.4 419.366225166 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 62.1604654856 49.2860985944 126% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.214285714 110.228320801 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.2857142857 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.1428571429 7.06452816374 144% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.185645634011 0.272083759551 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0531681122258 0.0996497079465 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0469909417501 0.0662205650399 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0981101265263 0.162205337803 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0233332778781 0.0443174109184 53% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 13.3589403974 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.58 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.13 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 84.0 63.6247240618 132% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.