Pterosaurs
In the reading passage, the notion given by professor is the Pterosaurs would not have powered flight by three reasons. But in the lecture, the professor contradicts the three reasons to prove the author is wrong.
First off, the author in the reading passage asserts that because the modern reptiles are cold-blood, the Pterosaurs are also cold-blood animal, which are unable to provide enough energy to experience powered flight. However, in the listening, the professor contends that there is a data from the fossil of Pterosaurs indicating that Pterosaurs have covering feathers the warm-blood animals have since the body temperature of Pterosaurs was higher than the external temperature, which would offer them enough energy to conduct powered flight.
In addition, the point proposed by author is that the Pterosaurs' weight was so large that they were not equipped with ability to flap their wings fast enough to stay in air for long time. Nonetheless, the professor opposes the idea by the real fact that the Pterosaurs bones are hollow instead of solid, which means the weight of Pterosaurs was so light that they would flap their wings to power flight.
Finally, the author also suggests that the muscles of two back legs of Pterosaurs are too small to not have enough power to allow them to run fast or jump highly, which would not support their powered flight. Nevertheless, the professor claims that the legs of Pterosaurs are totally different from the legs of birds due to the fact that Pterosaurs use the four legs launch instead of only two weak legs.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, nonetheless, so, in addition
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1310.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 262.0 270.72406181 97% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.02323427807 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49722181162 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 128.0 145.348785872 88% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.488549618321 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 387.9 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 32.0 21.2450331126 151% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 65.3390197355 49.2860985944 133% => OK
Chars per sentence: 163.75 110.228320801 149% => OK
Words per sentence: 32.75 21.698381199 151% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.25 7.06452816374 145% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.382694108103 0.272083759551 141% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.190607733167 0.0996497079465 191% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101880686451 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.247062925107 0.162205337803 152% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0610858206086 0.0443174109184 138% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.5 13.3589403974 138% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.46 53.8541721854 88% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 11.0289183223 132% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.31 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.24 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 50.0 63.6247240618 79% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.8 10.498013245 141% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.