the pterosaurs capable of powered flight
The reading and the listening are about the ability of pterosaurs to fly. While, the author feels that pterosaurs were not capable of powered flight, the lecturer challenges the claims made by the reading and states the pterosaurs may have the ability for a powered flight.
First, the reading mentions that pterosaurs were cold-blooded animals, so their metabolism was not able to supply them with a sufficient amount of energy. On the other hand, the lecturer opposes this and says that the examined pterosaurs' fossils revealed that they had dense hair covering similar to fur. The professor adds that it is typical to warmed-blooded animals to maintain their body temperature when there was an extra condition of cold weather. A s a result; the listening posits that pterosaurs' metabolism could be faster than the reading suggested, so it could supply pterosaurs with enough energy to fly.
Second, the writer states that pterosaurs were very large and heavy to flap their wings and fly. On the contrary, the professor contradicts this and points out that pterosaurs had a specific anatomical feature; their bones were hollow instead of solid. The lecturer adds that despite their large body frame, their weights were low. The listening explains that the pterosaurs' weight was low enough to keep them fly and glide.
Third, the reading says that the pterosaurs' legs were too small and weak to allow them to fly. Conversely, the professor refutes this and mentions that pterosaurs were different than birds. The lecturer states that birds use their hind two legs to run and fly; nevertheless, pterosaurs used all their four limbs to run fast and jump high to launch themselves into the air. Furthermore, the speaker says that there was no problem for very large pterosaurs to use their four limbs to run fast and launch high enough into the air.
- A/D when people look for jobs they should try to get a job for their entire lives. 71
- tpo 50 the possibility of sending the human to Mars 3
- tpo 45 the fossilized bee nests 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is important to know about events happening around the world even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life 47
- tpo 40 human presence on Venus 66
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 456, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'An' instead of 'A' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: An
...was an extra condition of cold weather. A s a result; the listening posits that p...
^
Line 3, column 496, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'pterosaurs'' or 'pterosaur's'?
Suggestion: pterosaurs'; pterosaur's
...A s a result; the listening posits that pterosaurs metabolism could be faster than the rea...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 179, Rule ID: RATHER_THEN[2]
Message: Did you mean 'different 'from''? 'Different than' is often considered colloquial style.
Suggestion: from
...mentions that pterosaurs were different than birds. The lecturer states that birds u...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, first, furthermore, if, may, nevertheless, second, so, third, while, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1549.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 308.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02922077922 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18926351222 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54119997937 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.483766233766 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 455.4 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 16.0 8.23620309051 194% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.7531284868 49.2860985944 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.642857143 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.21428571429 7.06452816374 116% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.278093372948 0.272083759551 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.101225246323 0.0996497079465 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.128498219401 0.0662205650399 194% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.201846190808 0.162205337803 124% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.17353931973 0.0443174109184 392% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.89 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.39 8.42419426049 88% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.