"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
The author of the argument purportedly states that studies have shown that hormone cortisol increase in infant monkeys when they encounter with unfamiliar or stimulating circumstances. However, the premises upon which he puts his claim are fallacious.
First, the author contends that study on eighteen monkeys represent that cortisol hormone increase in firstborn monkeys. However, it does not lend credence to the argument since there is possibility that outcomes of this research do not be accurate. Indeed, eighteen number of monkeys is not a large number because in order to gain an exact result, the research should be done in large size. It is also important to note that increase hormone in infant monkeys have produced in a same situation. What if these monkeys encounter with completely different situation. Indeed, we do not know for sure the rate of stimulation.
The author also attributes that in stimulation condition cortisol increase and in this way, the level of activity will rise up. Although it might seems tenable at face, it has some detects. One of the main, if not the only, problem with the premise is that we do not know for sure that in what extent the level of cortisol hormone were increased. Also, there is no information or data, which in what ways the level of activity has increased. Alongside that, there is no guarantee that cortisol hormone were measured accurately.
Finally, as set forth by the author first-time mother monkeys during pregnancy have higher level of cortisol hormone than those mothers, which had multiple births. Nevertheless, the rationale behind this premise could be challenged owing to the fact that the author do not provide any information or statistics about the measurement of cortisol in pregnancy mothers. The possible scenario is that the pregnancy situation could have be different in monkey mothers. Indeed, the author does not mention accurate data about the level of cortisol hormone during pregnancy. Moreover, the author do not properly identify the birth order of the monkeys.
Having scrutinized the premises, a logical conclusion that can be drawn is that the author has ignored the number of assumption the presence of which could strengthen the author claim.
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- TPO 45 80
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 433, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Use past participle here: 'been'.
Suggestion: been
...that the pregnancy situation could have be different in monkey mothers. Indeed, th...
^^
Line 9, column 186, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...hich could strengthen the author claim.
^^^^^^
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'but', 'finally', 'first', 'however', 'if', 'moreover', 'nevertheless', 'so', 'then']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.2575 0.25644967241 100% => OK
Verbs: 0.16 0.15541462614 103% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0675 0.0836205057962 81% => OK
Adverbs: 0.065 0.0520304965353 125% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0225 0.0272364105082 83% => OK
Prepositions: 0.1525 0.125424944231 122% => OK
Participles: 0.0325 0.0416121511921 78% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.69474677952 2.79052419416 97% => OK
Infinitives: 0.01 0.026700313972 37% => Some infinitives wanted.
Particles: 0.0 0.001811407834 0% => OK
Determiners: 0.11 0.113004496875 97% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0175 0.0255425247493 69% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.0225 0.0127820249294 176% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 2252.0 2731.13054187 82% => OK
No of words: 362.0 446.07635468 81% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 6.22099447514 6.12365571057 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.36191444098 4.57801047555 95% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.39226519337 0.378187486979 104% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.32044198895 0.287650121315 111% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.243093922652 0.208842608468 116% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.124309392265 0.135150697306 92% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69474677952 2.79052419416 97% => OK
Unique words: 178.0 207.018472906 86% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.491712707182 0.469332199767 105% => OK
Word variations: 51.7889731235 52.1807786196 99% => OK
How many sentences: 19.0 20.039408867 95% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0526315789 23.2022227129 82% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.4130075029 57.7814097925 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 118.526315789 141.986410481 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.0526315789 23.2022227129 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.526315789474 0.724660767414 73% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.14285714286 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 3.58251231527 56% => OK
Readability: 51.096830474 51.9672348444 98% => OK
Elegance: 1.78787878788 1.8405768891 97% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.357568384337 0.441005458295 81% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.117782135487 0.135418324435 87% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0901615750151 0.0829849096947 109% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.556636773368 0.58762219726 95% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.189900780297 0.147661913831 129% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.142930138142 0.193483328276 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0727189307423 0.0970749176394 75% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.430279350317 0.42659136922 101% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0718226081599 0.0774707102158 93% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.237217717019 0.312017818177 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0464567270311 0.0698173142475 67% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.33743842365 84% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.87684729064 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.82512315271 145% => OK
Positive topic words: 6.0 6.46551724138 93% => OK
Negative topic words: 2.0 5.36822660099 37% => OK
Neutral topic words: 6.0 2.82389162562 212% => OK
Total topic words: 14.0 14.657635468 96% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6 -- The score is based on the average performance of 20,000 argument essays. This e-grader is not smart enough to check on arguments.
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.