TPO36
Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. Over the last few decades, a method of reducing hail, called "cloud seeding," has been tried. In cloud seeding, the chemical silver iodide is sprayed on storm clouds from an airplane. This makes the clouds produce harmless rain or snow instead of hail. Several pieces of evidence suggest that cloud seeding has been effective in protecting crops from hail.
Laboratory experiments
Experiments in the laboratory support the idea that cloud seeding is effective. Hail usually forms water vapor that is close to the freezing point However, when experimenters added silver iodide to cold water vapor in the laboratory, they often observed light snow forming instead of hail pellets.
Evidence from Asia
There is evidence about the effectiveness of cloud seeding from several countries around the world. In some Asian countries, for example, cloud seeding has been successfully used to control precipitation in urban areas. These positive results suggest that cloud seeding should also be effective in protecting fields and farms in the United States.
Local studies
A few local studies also support the value of cloud seeding. One study conducted in a farming region in the central United States, for example, directly monitored crop damage due to hail. The study found that in an area where cloud seeding was used there was reduced hail damage compared to previous years.
The reading passage and the lecture both discuss the effect of 'cloud seeding' in reducing the harmful effect of hail. In the reading part, the author mentions that there are several fact that shows cloud seeding would be impact in this issue. In the listening part, however, the speaker challenges what the author ststes and rebuts the reasons.
To begin with, as mentioned in the article, the author suggest that based on the laboratory experiments, it means that adding silver to cold water, can be effective; nevertheless, in the listening part, the speaker rebuts the reasons asserting that silver can actually effect on the quantity of the rain, resulting in lack of water and indeed cause drought. it has negative effect on raising crops.
Secondly, the author sets forth that evidences from asian countries indicate that they can use to control the damages in urban arias. Nonetheless, the lecturer flatly contradicts the the reasons and contends that it might not repeated in the us; urban regions are highly polluted and in the asian countries they have used it on urban aria not in its rural. In hence, it cannot be effective on unpolluted regions such as the place of farm lands.
Finally, the author claims that local studies improved the fact that the places, which in clouds seeding was there, the damages was less that others places. In contrasts, the professor is off the opinion that the results of the reduction in hail were because of the natural variation weathers on that region; it was not just the reason of the cloud seeding.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 174, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun fact seems to be countable; consider using: 'several facts'.
Suggestion: several facts
...art, the author mentions that there are several fact that shows cloud seeding would be impac...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 359, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...lack of water and indeed cause drought. it has negative effect on raising crops. ...
^^
Line 9, column 180, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: the
...heless, the lecturer flatly contradicts the the reasons and contends that it might not ...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 180, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'the' is left.
Suggestion: the; the
...heless, the lecturer flatly contradicts the the reasons and contends that it might not ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, hence, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, in contrast, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1301.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 263.0 270.72406181 97% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94676806084 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.02706775958 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38667599312 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 145.348785872 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.536121673004 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 384.3 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 84.2795348824 49.2860985944 171% => OK
Chars per sentence: 130.1 110.228320801 118% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.3 21.698381199 121% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.4 7.06452816374 176% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0643477895493 0.272083759551 24% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0233038692047 0.0996497079465 23% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0216653079302 0.0662205650399 33% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0380127426366 0.162205337803 23% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.01074704362 0.0443174109184 24% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.0 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.55 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.13 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.