In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University of Waymarsh, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a second study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Waymarsh was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading preferences.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The argument is lacking in evidences to support its conclusions. It talks about two studies conducted in Waymarsh about its citizen's reading habits. The argument states that the respondents in the first study must have misrepresented that they prefer literary classics due to the results of the second survey which shows that the most checked out books from each of the public libraries were of mystery genre. The following passages examine the assumptions that led to this conclusion.
The first assumption is that the second survey is reliable while the first one is not. We do not know the scope and validity of both the surveys. It could have been very much possible that the researchers might have made a mistake in the second survey. Although it does state that the second survey was conducted in all public libraries, we cannot be sure how many libraries encompass "all". It could be only two, in which case the researchers could have easily made a mistake. We also cannot be sure that these libraries have been properly mainitaining their records, especially if the logs were maintained by hand rather than using computers. This could have contributed to the researchers' error.
The implication made by the author of the argument that the users of the public library is representative of the people of Waymarsh leaves us with the following questions. Do the majority of citizens use the public libraries? Are the researchers not taking into account any bookstores or second-hand bookshops that might be the citizens' preference? That would explain the popularity of literary classics. What if the public libraries were close to only a few colonies in Waymarsh? This would account for a large fraction of the population not using the public libraries. The author's argument would be better supported if he/she used studies based on the above factors as well.
Furthermore, even if the public library was used by almost all the people and their logs are reliable, it can be the case that the library does not have enough literary classics. Maybe the people looking for classics are unable to find them due to their dearth. That could be one of the explanations for the conclusion from the second survey. Since their public libraries might not have the classics that the people need, they could have found alternative sources for the same. If this turns out to be the case, then it would have been preposterous to assume that the people had misrepresented their own reading preferences.
Thus, the argument is rife with holes and assumptions. If the assumptions prove unwarranted, it could discredit the author's conclusion. The author must present a more detailed research (and be sure to check its validity) before forming such conclusions.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: o 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 5 2
No. of Sentences: 26 15
No. of Words: 457 350
No. of Characters: 2248 1500
No. of Different Words: 205 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.624 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.919 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.641 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 152 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 111 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 86 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 53 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 17.577 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.294 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.462 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.286 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.286 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.098 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...umptions that led to this conclusion. The first assumption is that the second sur...
^^^
Line 2, column 691, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'researchers'' or 'researcher's'?
Suggestion: researchers'; researcher's
...ers. This could have contributed to the researchers error. The implication made by the au...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 329, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'citizens'' or 'citizen's'?
Suggestion: citizens'; citizen's
...second-hand bookshops that might be the citizens preference? That would explain the popu...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 576, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ion not using the public libraries. The authors argument would be better supported if h...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 116, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ove unwarranted, it could discredit the authors conclusion. The author must present a m...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, if, look, may, second, so, then, thus, well, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 20.0 12.9520958084 154% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 11.1786427146 45% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 44.0 28.8173652695 153% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 45.0 55.5748502994 81% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2301.0 2260.96107784 102% => OK
No of words: 456.0 441.139720559 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04605263158 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.62105577807 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.76278105896 2.78398813304 99% => OK
Unique words: 209.0 204.123752495 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.458333333333 0.468620217663 98% => OK
syllable_count: 707.4 705.55239521 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 13.0 4.96107784431 262% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 26.0 19.7664670659 132% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 22.8473053892 74% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 48.702043625 57.8364921388 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 88.5 119.503703932 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5384615385 23.324526521 75% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.11538461538 5.70786347227 55% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 14.0 4.67664670659 299% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.179911121207 0.218282227539 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0474662396452 0.0743258471296 64% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0616073590002 0.0701772020484 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.108524961679 0.128457276422 84% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0927422582389 0.0628817314937 147% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.1 14.3799401198 77% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 48.3550499002 112% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 12.197005988 81% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.71 12.5979740519 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.46 8.32208582834 90% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 98.500998004 87% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 12.3882235529 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 11.1389221557 79% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.