Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals
The passage stated three evidence that dinosaurs were endotherms. However, the speaker pointed out three explanations opposed the passage.
The author said, because of finding the dinosaurs in a cold region that indicates that dinosaurs were endotherms to survive in such cold climate. On the other hand, the lecturer stated that fossils discovering are not necessarily referring to endotherms identity, but dinosaurs were migrating to warmer places.
Second, the writer stated that dinosaurs had legs under their body like other endotherms animals, which is clear evidence that dinosaurs belong to endotherms. However, the speaker contradicted that by giving an explanation for why dinosuars' legs were under their body, that because of dinosaurs had a huge body with a big size that could be the reason for the under body legs.
Third, based on the writer explanation,dinosaurs had Haversian canals ,which in turn allows the body to grow quickly, and because of the endotherms' characteristic is to grow very fast, that a direct evidence proofs that dinosaurs were endotherms. On the other hand, the speaker pointed out that although dinosaurs had Haversian canals, they did not rapid quickly. Dinosaurs were growing reapidly then slowly which is not related to enotherms animals.
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- Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before it means putting old ideas together in new ways 50
- Young people enjoy life more than older people do 60
- The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones 83
- In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports swimming boating and fishing among their favorite recreational activities The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits however and the city park department devotes little of i 78
- Important truths begin as outrageous or at least uncomfortable attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time 58
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 246, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ng an explanation for why dinosuars legs were under their body, that because of ...
^^
Line 5, column 270, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...y dinosuars legs were under their body, that because of dinosaurs had a huge bod...
^^
Line 7, column 39, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , dinosaurs
... Third, based on the writer explanation,dinosaurs had Haversian canals ,which in turn all...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 70, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...planation,dinosaurs had Haversian canals ,which in turn allows the body to grow qu...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, second, so, then, third, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1090.0 1373.03311258 79% => OK
No of words: 200.0 270.72406181 74% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.45 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.76060309309 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.87713399062 2.5805825403 111% => OK
Unique words: 105.0 145.348785872 72% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.525 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 333.0 419.366225166 79% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 59.7490637356 49.2860985944 121% => OK
Chars per sentence: 121.111111111 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.2222222222 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.22222222222 7.06452816374 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.223990856102 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0996745521359 0.0996497079465 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0669091009331 0.0662205650399 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.140127590696 0.162205337803 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0672993179056 0.0443174109184 152% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.3 13.3589403974 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 40.69 53.8541721854 76% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.1 11.0289183223 119% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.63 12.2367328918 120% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.6 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 49.0 63.6247240618 77% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 71.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.