Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Both the reading passage and lectures discuss the possibility of transporting humans to Mars. The lecturer argues that all these problems presented in the reading passage already have got solutions. This contradicts the reading passages's claim that these problems are required to fix.
First, the lecturer claims that the suppiles of food, water, and oxygen can be addressed by hydroponics which grow plants in water instead of soil. It takes less space. In addition, it can use recycling water for drinking and plants grow on it will absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This casts doubt onthe reading passage's claim that the long-term trip is incapable to provide enough supplies.
Second, the lecturer points out that there already have been several missions. astronauts can use technologies to exercise their bodies. Besides, they can eat special minerals to maintain their bone density. This counters to the reading passage's claim that long-time zero-gravity will do harm to astronauts's bodies in many aspects.
Third, the lecturer argues that space radiation is not in dangerous levels all the time. On the contrary, only a limited time when the sun is active will they need to take some actions. Its negative effects can also be avoided with special equipments. As for the weight of the shield, astronauts just need to hide in a small shield when the radiation is dangerous so it is unnecessary to protect the whole ship which require a heavy shield. This refutes to the reading passage's claim that without the protection of earth's magnetic field, the space radiation threatening and the shield to cover astrnauts is too massive.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-01-10 | Shahjahan khandakar | 73 | view |
| 2023-09-08 | joeyrussell007 | 3 | view |
| 2023-07-16 | YasamanEsml | 80 | view |
| 2023-03-14 | sonyeoso | 90 | view |
| 2022-12-15 | subashdevkota | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 80, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Astronauts
...ere already have been several missions. astronauts can use technologies to exercise their ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, first, second, so, third, as for, in addition, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1384.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 267.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.18352059925 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04229324003 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57317817388 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.588014981273 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 412.2 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.1173490827 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.5 110.228320801 78% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.6875 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.8125 7.06452816374 68% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0425100402411 0.272083759551 16% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0159959628289 0.0996497079465 16% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0215927442159 0.0662205650399 33% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0277094300971 0.162205337803 17% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.017020408169 0.0443174109184 38% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.3 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.47 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.39 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.