The city council of Town x has proposed reducing the city’s electric expenses by switching all the lights in the public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light emitting diodes (LEDs). The switch would be made gradually as the old incandescent bulbs burn out, and the city council reasons that since LED lights burn brighter and cost no more to purchase, the switch would help town X save money on electrical costs in the future.
The above argument made by the city council is flawed for numerous reasons. Primarily, the argument is based on unwarranted assumption that the cost of using light emitting diodes (LEDs) is equal to that of incandescent bulbs, rendering the main conclusion the city of X can reduce electric cost in future which is flawed.
The argument fails to provide any justification that the cost of using LEDs is similar to that of incandescent bulbs. For instance, the expenses of using LEDs might be higher than that of bulbs, which will not help the city council to curtail it’s electric expenses. More significantly, there might be significance difference in the durability of LEDS and that of incandescent bulbs. The LEDs could last lesser period and needs to change frequently and if this might be the case then the city council’s plan to reduce electric cost would not work. Had the argument provide any information regarding the cost of installing LEDs. If we suppose that the cost of installment of LEDs is lower than that of bulbs, even then the argument would have to further prove that, like the incandescent bulbs, those of LEDs would also last for the same period of time.
The argument also leaves many other unanswered questions. Even if the cost of installment of LEDs is not higher than that of incandescent bulbs, there might be extra expenses for setting up of LEDs. LEDs might not fit to the existing settings and then the city council might need to set up new systems for using LEDs and this will results in augmentation of electric costs. Nonetheless, the argument assumes that using the LEDs would help the city council to cut down the electric costs.
Finally, the argument claims without warrant that the switch to LEDs from incandescent bulbs would help to reduce the electric expenses of city council. This shifting might arise other negative consequences. For instance, as the LEDs burn brighter, it would use more power, which might produce extra heat. For this reason, the usage of air condition by the city people would increase. If this thing happens, then the city council’s plan of reducing electric cost would fail.
Because, the argument makes several unwarranted assumptions, it fails to make a convincing case that the shift from incandescent bulbs to LEDs would help the city council the electric costs.
- The city council of Town x has proposed reducing the city’s electric expenses by switching all the lights in the public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light emitting diodes (LEDs). The switch would be made gradually as the old incandescent bulbs 63
- The government in Littleville plans to build a large mall in a newly constructed zone just outside the city. Littleville hopes to attract many wealthy clients who it believes will shop at the Littleville Mall's many planned boutique stores. Ten years 67
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is better to read books on an electronic device than it is to read traditional books on paper 73
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Our current way of life will have a negative impact on future generations 85
- Universities should require students to take courses only within those fields they are interested in studying 50
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 393 350
No. of Characters: 1899 1500
No. of Different Words: 159 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.452 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.832 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.54 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 108 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 90 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 66 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 34 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 21.833 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 10.007 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.611 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.421 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.581 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.174 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 849, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...se of LEDs would also last for the same period of time. The argument also leaves many othe...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 332, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'will' requires the base form of the verb: 'result'
Suggestion: result
...ew systems for using LEDs and this will results in augmentation of electric costs. None...
^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... of reducing electric cost would fail. Because, the argument makes several unwa...
^^^
Line 9, column 192, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...lp the city council the electric costs.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, if, nonetheless, regarding, so, then, for instance, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 19.6327345309 56% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 22.0 12.9520958084 170% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 11.1786427146 45% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 16.0 13.6137724551 118% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 28.8173652695 80% => OK
Preposition: 52.0 55.5748502994 94% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 16.3942115768 122% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1970.0 2260.96107784 87% => OK
No of words: 393.0 441.139720559 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.01272264631 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.45244063426 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68651683877 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 204.123752495 78% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.404580152672 0.468620217663 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 588.6 705.55239521 83% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 4.96107784431 81% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 19.7664670659 81% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 78.9041893295 57.8364921388 136% => OK
Chars per sentence: 123.125 119.503703932 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.5625 23.324526521 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 5.70786347227 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 6.88822355289 145% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.345512742431 0.218282227539 158% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.139417731364 0.0743258471296 188% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.100086786832 0.0701772020484 143% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.229606920233 0.128457276422 179% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0457415372072 0.0628817314937 73% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 14.3799401198 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 48.3550499002 115% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 12.197005988 94% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.5979740519 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.6 8.32208582834 91% => OK
difficult_words: 69.0 98.500998004 70% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.