The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"The population on Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island plans to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. Last year, the neighboring island of Torseau enforced similar limits on moped rentals and saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents. We predict that putting these limits into effect on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
The author of the argument argues that the as the population of the balmer island increases to 1,00,000 during the summer months . In order to reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrains , the town council has initiated a rule stating to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped rental companies from 50 to 30 per day . To show the stability of the plan , author states as evidence the data of the island of torseau enforcing the similar limits on mopeds rentals and the plan had a positive result in island of torseau with a decrease of 50 percent in moped accidents.With these the authors predicts that the plan will have the same effect in the balmer island. The underlying argument certainly has merits but due to some vague language and weak assumptions, the argument is unsubstantiated and deeply flawed . here are some flaws stated below.
Firstly, author states that in order to reduce the number of accidents in the balmer islands, the town council has implemented a plan to reduce the number of mopeds from 50 to 30 per day . The author while stating this has not given the exact reason behind the accidents . For example if the main reason is due to the insufficient amount of light for the riders to see on road or the pedestrians using the road carelessly. Then how will the proposed plan have a effect of reducing the number of accidents. As the data is not clearly mentioned we cannot understand the main reason behind the accidents.
Secondly, The author while stating that the plan involves a reduction of mopeds from 50 to 30 per day has not given any statistics behind the exact decrease in the mopeds . For example, 30 mopeds per day is also not sufficient in reducing the number of accidents caused .
Thirdly, the author to show that effectiveness of the plan states as evidence of a torseau island implementing the same plan and having the desired result from it with a decrease of 50 percent in the accidents. The author here is making a faulty assumption by showing that both the islands have the same cause for the accidents. if for instance, the reason behind the accidents in torseau islands is the mopeds itself and the reason for accidents in balmer is the pedestrians using the roads carelessly. The proposed plan may not have the effects shown in torseau island because of the reasons stated above.
Although as written the argument is unconvincing , the author could strengthen the argument by adding some statistics regarding the cause of the accidents , by providing some basis for the plan proposed as why there was a decrease in the mopeds from 50 to 30 mopeds per day, by showing some similarities in the reason of accidents caused on the two islands . hence by adding these parameters the argument's reasoning would have significantly improved . but without these changes the arguments is implausible and the reasoning faulty.
In the conclusion , the author has presented a interested but flawed argument. Had the author presented the above data as the basis for the argument , reasons for the changes made in the rule. The argument would have been persuasive . As it stands however the argument is too weak to be true. hence, i remain unconvinced.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 2.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 20 15
No. of Words: 555 350
No. of Characters: 2621 1500
No. of Different Words: 198 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.854 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.723 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.571 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 207 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 124 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 88 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 58 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 27.75 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 18.582 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.65 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.354 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.582 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.095 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 6 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 129, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...ses to 1,00,000 during the summer months . In order to reduce the number of accide...
^^
Line 1, column 207, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...cidents involving mopeds and pedestrains , the town council has initiated a rule s...
^^
Line 1, column 364, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...d rental companies from 50 to 30 per day . To show the stability of the plan , aut...
^^
Line 1, column 400, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... day . To show the stability of the plan , author states as evidence the data of t...
^^
Line 1, column 615, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: With
...crease of 50 percent in moped accidents.With these the authors predicts that the pla...
^^^^
Line 1, column 856, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...ent is unsubstantiated and deeply flawed . here are some flaws stated below. ...
^^
Line 1, column 859, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Here
... is unsubstantiated and deeply flawed . here are some flaws stated below. F...
^^^^
Line 7, column 187, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...e number of mopeds from 50 to 30 per day . The author while stating this has not ...
^^
Line 7, column 272, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...en the exact reason behind the accidents . For example if the main reason is due t...
^^
Line 7, column 462, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...y. Then how will the proposed plan have a effect of reducing the number of accide...
^
Line 7, column 508, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “As” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...ct of reducing the number of accidents. As the data is not clearly mentioned we ca...
^^
Line 7, column 574, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... mentioned we cannot understand the main reason behind the accidents. S...
^^
Line 7, column 605, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... the main reason behind the accidents. Secondly, The author while stating that ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 171, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... behind the exact decrease in the mopeds . For example, 30 mopeds per day is also ...
^^
Line 13, column 270, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... reducing the number of accidents caused . Thirdly, the author to show t...
^^
Line 13, column 273, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ducing the number of accidents caused . Thirdly, the author to show that effecti...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 19, column 330, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
... have the same cause for the accidents. if for instance, the reason behind the acc...
^^
Line 25, column 49, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... as written the argument is unconvincing , the author could strengthen the argumen...
^^
Line 25, column 155, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ics regarding the cause of the accidents , by providing some basis for the plan pr...
^^
Line 25, column 357, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...n of accidents caused on the two islands . hence by adding these parameters the ar...
^^
Line 25, column 360, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hence
...f accidents caused on the two islands . hence by adding these parameters the argument...
^^^^^
Line 25, column 360, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: hence,
...f accidents caused on the two islands . hence by adding these parameters the argument...
^^^^^
Line 25, column 450, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...soning would have significantly improved . but without these changes the arguments...
^^
Line 25, column 453, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...ing would have significantly improved . but without these changes the arguments is ...
^^^
Line 31, column 18, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...oning faulty. In the conclusion , the author has presented a interested b...
^^
Line 31, column 46, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...e conclusion , the author has presented a interested but flawed argument. Had the...
^
Line 31, column 149, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...above data as the basis for the argument , reasons for the changes made in the rul...
^^
Line 31, column 233, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... The argument would have been persuasive . As it stands however the argument is to...
^^
Line 31, column 294, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hence
...er the argument is too weak to be true. hence, i remain unconvinced.
^^^^^
Line 31, column 301, Rule ID: I_LOWERCASE[2]
Message: Did you mean 'I'?
Suggestion: I
...argument is too weak to be true. hence, i remain unconvinced.
^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, hence, however, if, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, then, third, thirdly, while, for example, for instance
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 19.6327345309 71% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 12.9520958084 54% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 13.6137724551 44% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 15.0 28.8173652695 52% => OK
Preposition: 81.0 55.5748502994 146% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2704.0 2260.96107784 120% => OK
No of words: 554.0 441.139720559 126% => OK
Chars per words: 4.88086642599 5.12650576532 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.85151570047 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67640707234 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 202.0 204.123752495 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.364620938628 0.468620217663 78% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 826.2 705.55239521 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Article: 14.0 8.76447105788 160% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 24.0 19.7664670659 121% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 83.8624452435 57.8364921388 145% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.666666667 119.503703932 94% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0833333333 23.324526521 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.79166666667 5.70786347227 101% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 30.0 5.25449101796 571% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 8.20758483034 24% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 19.0 6.88822355289 276% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.206912280032 0.218282227539 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0659750542976 0.0743258471296 89% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0877380057173 0.0701772020484 125% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.119367496952 0.128457276422 93% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.086992435951 0.0628817314937 138% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.1 14.3799401198 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.32 12.5979740519 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.6 8.32208582834 91% => OK
difficult_words: 99.0 98.500998004 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.0 12.3882235529 145% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.