The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of West Egg.
"Two years ago, our consultants predicted that West Egg's landfill, which is used for garbage disposal, would be completely filled within five years. During the past two years, however, town residents have been recycling twice as much aluminum and paper as they did in previous years. Next month the amount of material recycled should further increase, since charges for garbage pickup will double. Furthermore, over ninety percent of the respondents to a recent survey said that they would do more recycling in the future. Because of our residents' strong commitment to recycling, the available space in our landfill should last for considerably longer than predicted."
The passage talks about the time for which the landfill will last. The author gives various reasons in order to dissent with the prediction of the consultants that the landfill in West Egg will be full in not more than five years. While providing reasons, the author makes certain assumptions and thus it is safe to say that his/her argument must only be taken into consideration once it free of all the holes and assumptions.
Firstly, the author says that the residents have been recycling twice as much as they did in the previous years. Considering this, the author later claims that the available space for garbage disposal will last longer than predicted. Here, the author does not provide details of the recyclable material being purchased or how many people have being recycling. It may happen that the material which can be recycled is being purchased in huge amounts and even after recycling it, the end result can be worse than what it was before. Also if the number of people who recycle these materials are very less as compared to the population of the town then it may not help much to preserve the landfill for a long time.
Furthermore, the author assumes that because the charge for the pickup of garbage material will be doubled, the amount of recycled material will increase. This assumption is very vague. The residents of this town may be wealthy and would not mind spending more money for garbage pickup. Moreover, the author does not provide any details about the amount of money which is currently required for garbage pickup. If this amount is very less, then the residents may not even hesitate before spending double the current amount of money.
Speaking about the survey, the author says that over 90 percent of the residents would do more recycling in the future. Based on this survey itself, the author assumes that the residents are committed towards recycling of products. But there is a possibility that the people who participated in this survey may want to appear caring and cautious towards the environment and thus the outcome of the survey depicted that the residents want to recycle products.
The author has taken many assumptions and neglected various possibilities. Thus, in order to say for how much long will the landfill last, the author must take into consideration all the above mentioned possibilities.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 399 350
No. of Characters: 1919 1500
No. of Different Words: 178 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.469 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.81 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.443 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 131 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 93 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 64 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 38 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22.167 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.643 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.611 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.35 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.58 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.112 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 389, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'frees'?
Suggestion: frees
...nly be taken into consideration once it free of all the holes and assumptions. F...
^^^^
Line 3, column 532, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...t can be worse than what it was before. Also if the number of people who recycle the...
^^^^
Line 3, column 603, Rule ID: COMP_THAN[1]
Message: Comparison requires 'than', not 'then' nor 'as'.
Suggestion: than
...o recycle these materials are very less as compared to the population of the town ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, furthermore, if, may, moreover, so, then, thus, while, speaking about
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 17.0 12.9520958084 131% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 11.1786427146 81% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 28.8173652695 94% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 55.5748502994 74% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 16.3942115768 43% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1967.0 2260.96107784 87% => OK
No of words: 398.0 441.139720559 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.94221105528 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46653527281 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51586842852 2.78398813304 90% => OK
Unique words: 186.0 204.123752495 91% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.467336683417 0.468620217663 100% => OK
syllable_count: 602.1 705.55239521 85% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 15.0 8.76447105788 171% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 19.7664670659 91% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.2712413685 57.8364921388 80% => OK
Chars per sentence: 109.277777778 119.503703932 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.1111111111 23.324526521 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.33333333333 5.70786347227 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 6.88822355289 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.121229858237 0.218282227539 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0446430836241 0.0743258471296 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0473166870099 0.0701772020484 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0708100937347 0.128457276422 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0450512548042 0.0628817314937 72% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 14.3799401198 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 48.3550499002 119% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.37 12.5979740519 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.82 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 98.500998004 79% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.