The Little Ice Age
The passage mainly talks about the three possible causes of the Little Ice Age. However, the man in the listening material refutes all three of them. The reasons are as follows.
Firstly, the text suggests that the Little Ice age may caused by disrupting of the gulf stream. However, according to the lecture, although this theory can explaining some northern areas, it still limited in some southern areas like New Zealand. So the ocean current theory failed to be the reason caused the Little Ice Age.
Secondly, the author states that dust came from volcanoes could be the cause. The clouds of dust and other gas may block the sunbeam and decreased the surface temperature of the earth. But the speaker argues that if it is true, there must some reports and records about special visual phenomenons such as colorful sunlight due to the clouds of the dust. Unfortunately, no such historical record can be found, thus the second theory is out of the picture.
Thirdly, the reading says that the increase of the forest caused by population decreasing might be the reason. Because trees absorb greenhouse gas, therefore, cool down the temperature of the earth. While the lecturer points out that there was not enough time because the forest was soon be cut down again after the population recover. So the third cause does not make sense.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, firstly, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, still, therefore, third, thirdly, thus, while, such as, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1124.0 1373.03311258 82% => OK
No of words: 228.0 270.72406181 84% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.9298245614 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.88582923847 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.36655221915 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.614035087719 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 336.6 419.366225166 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.4727111594 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 80.2857142857 110.228320801 73% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.2857142857 21.698381199 75% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.07142857143 7.06452816374 128% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.227684055096 0.272083759551 84% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0872223492037 0.0996497079465 88% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.16709213674 0.0662205650399 252% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.157823241406 0.162205337803 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.160804383349 0.0443174109184 363% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.9 13.3589403974 74% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.02 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.1 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 65.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.