The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.
"Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research of mine proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is invalid and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid as well. The interview-centered method that my team of graduate students is currently using in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In an article written by an anthropologist named Dr. Karp, it is stated that his recent research on child-rearing traditions in island cultures is rejected Dr. Field's conclusion from his observations in Tertia. The author has come to this conclusion based on his recent interviews with children living in the group of islands. However, two questions must be answered before this claim can be adequately evaluated.
First of all, are the children from twenty years ago and now are roughly comparable? In other words, can observed results from twenty years ago' children be used to make generalizations and predictions about different eras? It is possible that from twenty years ago until now, people's behaviors and habits have changed a lot, and one of these changes is how they let their children grow up. Perhaps the situation and circumstances of people, such as their jobs, concerns, style of living, the distance between houses, the size of family members, etc., made people change their treatment from what they learn from their parents. For example, twenty years ago, the family members like uncles, aunts, or cousins were a lot that all their children spend time together or in each others house most of their time. Also, it may be because of their type of jobs; in village cultures, working in a group is expected in which people prefer to work together and share the outcome. As a result, it may be the cause that their children also reared all with each other. If either of these scenarios has merit, then the conclusion drawn in the argument is significantly weakened.
Secondly, are all village cultures or people living in even different islands completely similar? The author's conclusion is based on his recent interviews with children living in islands that include Tertia and not just Tertia's children. In statistical research, the amount of data and its variation can change the result remarkably. For instance, it may the number of children of other islands, and as a result, the amount of data of them are much more than Tertia's. Thus, the result can be biased on other islands or even the island with more children. Therefore, the possibility that the results of this research are not entirely similar or even dissimilar to what is on Tertia cannot be denied. If the above is true, then the argument does not hold water!
To wrap it up, the argument, as it stands now, is considerably flawed due to its reliance on unwarranted assumptions. If the author is able to answer the two questions above and offer more evidence, it will be possible to fully evaluate the viability of his claim to discredit Dr. Field's research consequence.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 103, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...fferent islands completely similar? The authors conclusion is based on his recent inter...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, thus, for example, for instance, such as, as a result, first of all, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 25.0 19.6327345309 127% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 13.6137724551 51% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 37.0 28.8173652695 128% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 67.0 55.5748502994 121% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2212.0 2260.96107784 98% => OK
No of words: 448.0 441.139720559 102% => OK
Chars per words: 4.9375 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.60065326758 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.65771643195 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 226.0 204.123752495 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.504464285714 0.468620217663 108% => OK
syllable_count: 676.8 705.55239521 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.22255489022 118% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.0606239836 57.8364921388 78% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.421052632 119.503703932 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.5789473684 23.324526521 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.05263157895 5.70786347227 141% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 6.88822355289 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.67664670659 235% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.263874263958 0.218282227539 121% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0790191703021 0.0743258471296 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.11027921918 0.0701772020484 157% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.157596668811 0.128457276422 123% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.103647694412 0.0628817314937 165% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.6 14.3799401198 95% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.67 12.5979740519 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.37 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 102.0 98.500998004 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 103, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...fferent islands completely similar? The authors conclusion is based on his recent inter...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, thus, for example, for instance, such as, as a result, first of all, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 25.0 19.6327345309 127% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 13.6137724551 51% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 37.0 28.8173652695 128% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 67.0 55.5748502994 121% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2212.0 2260.96107784 98% => OK
No of words: 448.0 441.139720559 102% => OK
Chars per words: 4.9375 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.60065326758 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.65771643195 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 226.0 204.123752495 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.504464285714 0.468620217663 108% => OK
syllable_count: 676.8 705.55239521 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.22255489022 118% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.0606239836 57.8364921388 78% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.421052632 119.503703932 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.5789473684 23.324526521 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.05263157895 5.70786347227 141% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 6.88822355289 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.67664670659 235% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.263874263958 0.218282227539 121% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0790191703021 0.0743258471296 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.11027921918 0.0701772020484 157% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.157596668811 0.128457276422 123% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.103647694412 0.0628817314937 165% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.6 14.3799401198 95% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.67 12.5979740519 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.37 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 102.0 98.500998004 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.