Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
The author infers that critical judgment only by those who are so-called "expert" is valuable. Fields such as math, science sometimes required professional knowledge and education to make critical comments. However nowadays as society becomes more complex, majority of laymen could be more helpful than minority of so-called "experts". What is more, general people can develop field by regarding aspects that experts usually neglect.
First of all, some people argue that there are many fields which layman could not provide proper judgement. For example, let us consider the paper about Higgs particle. In general, laymen are unlikely to make critical comments, nor will they fully understand the theory itself. Likewise consider the space craft project planned by NASA for example. We do not expect the layman to make valuable assessment about the project.
However, as society is being complex, a number of layman may be better than a few experts as the term "Collective Intelligence" implies. There are many examples which were succeed by general people. Wikipedia, for example, is one of the most popular on-line dictionary. Wikipedia allows everyone to freely write, edit and remove. Even though some people doubt its credibility when the dictionary service first started, people in all over the world now used the dictionary currently. Likewise, Open-source is the program code which is open to everyone for editing, making and removing. It usually makes greater performance than restricted code which allows only experts to edit and there are many great programs that employ open-source system. As we can see from these examples, there are lots of superior achievements that not only experts but also laymen had participated.
Finally by giving nonprofessional an opportunity to criticize, the field can get innovative solutions. Many problems can solve by regarding other aspect which outsiders are more likely to provide. There were many burdensome problems which outsiders solve. For example consider Apple one of the greatest IT company. As we all know Steve Jobs, an legendary leader, saved Apple from its inferior sales record, even though he majored philosophy and physics not a computer science in Reed College. He had provided successful solutions by adopting alternative view: He focused to consumer experience, not a technical aspect and developed singular user interface. As a result, Apple achieved huge success. In eighteenth country, merchants in Paris had to use many candle to light up their store in winter because of its short daytime. As a result, cost of candles were burdensome to them and they considered lots of solutions such as developing efficiency of candles, lowering the price of candles, etc. However none of trials solved the problem. Benjamin Franklin, however, finally presented an innovative solution: changing country's time twice a year so that the time corresponds to the daytime. As a result the merchants did not need candle to light anymore, and this solution is origin of 'summer time'. As these examples imply, by involving non-expert in discussion, many problems can be solved by innovative trial.
In conclusion, I admit that judgments by layman could have limited value in some fields. However as complexity of society has become greater, layman could perform better when they collaborate and they could also present innovations by breaking stereotype of experts. Therefore I disagree with the author.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-07-31 | barcelona433 | 83 | view |
| 2024-02-22 | Zahid6400 | 58 | view |
| 2023-09-16 | Jeyodi123 | 58 | view |
| 2023-09-04 | wopona8219 | 75 | view |
| 2023-08-23 | Anil2044 | 50 | view |
- Claim In any field business politics education government those in power should step down after five years Reason The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership 66
- The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of a manufacturing company During the past year workers at our newly opened factory reported 30 percent more on the job accidents than workers at nearby Panoply Industries Panoply produces products ve 73
- To be an effective leader a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards 62
- Teachers should be retrained to get new knowledge 73
- The universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student s field of study 54
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 218, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...nd education to make critical comments. However nowadays as society becomes more comple...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 280, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Likewise,
...ey fully understand the theory itself. Likewise consider the space craft project planne...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 183, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'succeeded'.
Suggestion: succeeded
...ies. There are many examples which were succeed by general people. Wikipedia, for examp...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
...ts but also laymen had participated. Finally by giving nonprofessional an opportunit...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 188, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...spect which outsiders are more likely to provide. There were many burdensome prob...
^^
Line 7, column 308, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'companies'?
Suggestion: companies
...e consider Apple one of the greatest IT company. As we all know Steve Jobs, an legendar...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 344, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
... IT company. As we all know Steve Jobs, an legendary leader, saved Apple from its ...
^^
Line 7, column 754, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun candle seems to be countable; consider using: 'many candles'.
Suggestion: many candles
... country, merchants in Paris had to use many candle to light up their store in winter becau...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1288, Rule ID: SUMMER_TIME[2]
Message: Use simply 'summer'.
Suggestion: summer
...anymore, and this solution is origin of summer time. As these examples imply, by involving ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 90, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...ould have limited value in some fields. However as complexity of society has become gre...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 268, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...ions by breaking stereotype of experts. Therefore I disagree with the author.
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, likewise, may, regarding, so, therefore, for example, in conclusion, in general, such as, as a result, first of all, what is more
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 19.5258426966 108% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.4196629213 105% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 14.8657303371 74% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 11.3162921348 141% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 33.0505617978 97% => OK
Preposition: 60.0 58.6224719101 102% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 12.9106741573 85% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2952.0 2235.4752809 132% => OK
No of words: 543.0 442.535393258 123% => OK
Chars per words: 5.4364640884 5.05705443957 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.82725184711 4.55969084622 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.90013443741 2.79657885939 104% => OK
Unique words: 304.0 215.323595506 141% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.55985267035 0.4932671777 113% => OK
syllable_count: 951.3 704.065955056 135% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.8 1.59117977528 113% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 6.24550561798 64% => OK
Article: 4.0 4.99550561798 80% => OK
Subordination: 9.0 3.10617977528 290% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.77640449438 113% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.38483146067 91% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 33.0 20.2370786517 163% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 23.0359550562 69% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 41.1023046682 60.3974514979 68% => OK
Chars per sentence: 89.4545454545 118.986275619 75% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.4545454545 23.4991977007 70% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 5.21951772744 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.97078651685 101% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 7.80617977528 141% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 19.0 10.2758426966 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 5.13820224719 195% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.83258426966 83% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.123723179025 0.243740707755 51% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0284287340652 0.0831039109588 34% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0421244972139 0.0758088955206 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0695764626032 0.150359130593 46% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0493939086738 0.0667264976115 74% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 14.1392134831 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 38.31 48.8420337079 78% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.92365168539 111% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.1743820225 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.98 12.1639044944 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.34 8.38706741573 111% => OK
difficult_words: 169.0 100.480337079 168% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 11.8971910112 59% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 11.2143820225 75% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.7820224719 102% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.5 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.